Belgian Labour Party

Belgian Labour Party French: Parti Ouvrier Belge Dutch: Belgische Werkliedenpartij
General Secretary	Henri de Man
Founder (s)	César De Paepe, Edward Anseele
Founded	6 April 1885
Dissolved	1940
Succeeded by	Belgian Socialist Party
Headquarters	Brussels, Belgium
Newspaper	L'Avenir
Trade Union's wing	General Federation of Belgian Labour
Ideology	Democratic socialism
Political position	Left-wing
International affiliation	Second International (1889-1916) Labour and Socialist International (1923-40)
Colours	Red
Politics of Belgium Political parties Elections

The Belgian Labour Party, known as the Belgische Werkliedenpartij (BWP) in Dutch and Parti Ouvrier Belge (POB) in French, was the first big socialist party in Belgium, founded in 1885.

History

File:Maison du Cygne 01.JPG

The De Zwaan café in Brussels, where the POB-BWP was founded in 1885.

In April 1885, a meeting of 112 workers took place in a room of the café De Zwaan on the Grand Place in Brussels, at the same place where the First International had convened, and where Karl Marx had written the Communist Manifesto. At this meeting the Belgian Labour Party (POB or BWP) was created. Several groups had been represented at this meeting, among which also the BSP of Edward Anseele. The members were mainly craftsmen and not workers from industrial centres (with the exception of Ghent). When drafting a programme for the new party, it was feared that a radical programme would deter workers. On that basis it was decided that the word socialism would not be mentioned in the name of the party, a point of view which was also defended by Cesar De Paepe (1841–1890).

The Charter of Quaregnon (located in this municipality and not in Mons because of the Garde Civique's 'fusillade of Mons'), of 1894 provided the doctrinary basis for the Belgian socialists from 1894 until 1979. Before 1919, the district system at Belgian elections made it almost impossible for the Labour Party to get parliamentary seats in Flanders, and the Ghent socialist leader, Edward Anseele, was elected from Liège. After 1919, universal male suffrage and proportional representation greatly enhanced the party's parliamentary strength and it participated in several governments.

In the 1919 election, the Belgian Labour Party won 36.6% of the vote and increased their parliamentary representation from 26 to 70 seats. This was enough to deny the Catholic Party the majority it had enjoyed since 1884, which led the Catholic Party to form a coalition with Labour, forming a cabinet that contained Labour members. The Belgian Labour Party used this opportunity to demand and to have passed reforms such as the repeal of a law that prohibited picketing, an 8-hour workday, old-age pensions, inheritance taxes, and a graduated income tax.

The party was a member of the Labour and Socialist International between 1923 and 1940.

After World War II, most of the BWP/POB officials joined to found the Belgian Socialist Party.

Notable members

• Camille Huysmans
• Henri de Man
• Jules Destrée
• Paul-Henri Spaak, one of the Founding fathers of the European Union
• Emile Vandervelde
• August Vermeylen

See also

• Politics of Belgium
• Progressive Party (Belgium)
• Christene Volkspartij

References

• Inleiding tot de geschiedenis van de Belgische arbeidersbeweging
• First Program of the BWP
• Th. Luykx and M. Platel, Politieke geschiedenis van België, 2 vol., Kluwer, 1985
• E. Witte, J. Craeybeckx en A. Meynen, Politieke geschiedenis van België, Standaard, 1997