Bibliothèque-Musée de l'Opéra National de Paris
The Bibliothèque-Musée de l'Opéra National de Paris is a library and museum of the Paris Opera and is located in the 9th arrondissement at 8 rue Scribe, Paris, France. It is no longer managed by the Opera, but instead is part of the Music Department of the National Library of France (Bibliothèque nationale de France or BnF). The Paris Opera Library-Museum is open daily; an admission fee is charged.
Contents
Emperor's Pavilion
The Library-Museum is housed in the Palais Garnier in the Rotonde de l'Empereur, a pavilion on the west side of the theatre, which was originally designed to be the private entrance for Emperor Napoleon III. Thus, the Emperor's could directly enter in the building and avoid any assassination attempt. The library is located near the intersection of the rue Scribe with the rue Auber, streets which are named after the librettist Eugène Scribe and the composer Daniel Auber, both of whom had works performed by the Paris Opera.[1]
After the Emperor's death in 1873 and the proclamation of the French Third Republicin 1870, President Mac-Mahon refused to use this Pavilion as a private space for the head of state. Charles Nutters succeeded in compelling Charles Garnier in transforming the pavilion into a space for the conservation of the Opera's books and archives.
The archives and the library
From the time of the creation of the Académie Royale de Musique in 1669 until the middle of the 19th century there was no official entity in charge of the preservation and management of archival materials produced by the activities of the Opera and its associated theatre. The creation of an archives service and a library was integrated into the project entrusted to the architect Charles Garnier for the construction of a new opera house to replace the Opera's former theatre, the Salle Le Peletier. Thus the current Paris Opera Library-Museum traces its origin to two former services of the Opera, the archives and the library, each created in 1866.[2] At that time, the Opera director became an entrepreneur. Indeed, the budget was superior to the receipts. The government needed a healthy man to run the establishment but was afraid that the archives was sold to generate money. They appointed Charles Nuitter the official archivist on 15 May 1866.
Around 1863 Charles Nuitter had begun cataloging the Opera's archives. He also published several books on the history of the company.[3] Théodore Lajarte was appointed librarian in 1873 and embarked on the systematic organization of the Opera's scores and instrumental parts. In 1876 he first published his two-volume inventory of the library's holdings covering the period from 1671 to 1876.[4]
The archives and the library were soon merged, and in 1881 augmented with a museum open to the public.[2] In 1899 Nuitter was succeeded by his assistant Charles Malherbe.[5] At first the Opera Library-Museum was attached to the State Secretariat of the Fine Arts (Secrétariat d'État aux Beaux-Arts), but in 1935 it became part of the National Library and later became a part of the National Library's Music Department, when that was created in 1942.[2]
The rooms of the library provide a comfortable environment for work and study, and the staff is knowledgeable and helpful. Much of the library is little changed from its original appearance in the 19th century. Access to the library may be difficult at times (the entrance is through the main foyer of the opera house), and it is advisable to call ahead to confirm the hours when it is open.[6]
Nowadays, the Library conserves 600 000 documents concerning the history of the Opéra and the Opéra Comique . There are diverse documents, such as books (100 000), autograph letters (250 000), scores (16 000), libretti (30 000), photographies (100 000), prints (30 000) etc.
The museum
The modern museum has five rooms which display three centuries of the Paris Opera's history through paintings, costumes, drawings of scenery, and scale models of set designs.[1] Altogether, the museum conserves 8 500 objects.
At the top of the stairs which lead to the museum is a bronze by the sculptor [[{{{1}}}]][] which depicts the dancer Alexandre Kalioujny in mid-leap during a performance of Michel Fokine's ballet [[{{{1}}}]][] which is based on the Polovtsian Dances of Borodin's Prince Igor.[7]
Visitors are also able to see shelves of books and scores, which are protected by grilles.[7] These materials include fifteen thousand scores and thirty thousand librettos[6] and are accessible to the public on days when the museum is not open for tours. The museum's collections are too extensive to be displayed all at one time, as they consist of approximately 8,500 objects, including 2,500 models of sets, 500 set design drawings, and 3,000 pieces of costume jewelry.[7]
The Library-Museum has organized more than 25 exhibitions since 1992, in collaboration with the BnF and others. Some of the items in the collection have also been displayed at the Musée d'Orsay.[7]
See also
References
- Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Palais Garnier" at the Paris Opera website. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Bibliothèque-Musée de l'Opéra" at the BnF website. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
- ↑ Cooper 1992, p. 635.
- ↑ Huebner 1992.
- ↑ Lebeau 2001.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Simeone 2000, p. 238.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 This information was translated from the corresponding article in the French Wikipédia (version 23 avril 2011 à 19:27).
- Cited sources
Website: http://www.bnf.fr/fr/collections_et_services/dpt_bmo/s.collections_opera.html
- Cooper, Jeffrey (1992). "Nuitter [Truinet], Charles-Louis-Etienne" in Sadie 1992, vol. 3, pp. 635–636.
- Gressel, Valérie (2002). "Charles Nuitter : des scènes parisiennes à la Bibliothèque de l'Opéra"
- Huebner, Steven (1992). "Lajarte, Théodore (Edouard Dufaure de)" in Sadie 1992, vol. 2, p. 1081.
- Lebeau, Elisabeth (2001). "Malherbe, Charles (Théodore)" in Sadie 2001.
- Sadie, Stanley, editor (1992). The New Grove Dictionary of Opera (4 volumes). London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-56159-228-9.
- Sadie, Stanley (2001). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2nd edition. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-56159-239-5 (hardcover). OCLC 419285866 (eBook).
- Simeone, Nigel (2000). Paris – A Musical Gazetteer. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-08053-7.
- Other sources
- Lajarte, Théodore de (1878). Bibliothèque musicale du Théâtre de l'Opéra, volume 1 [1671–1791]. Paris: Librairie des Bibliophiles. View at Google Books.
- Lajarte, Théodore de (1878). Bibliothèque musicale du Théâtre de l'Opéra, volume 2 [1793–1876]. Paris: Librairie des Bibliophiles. View at Google Books.
- Nuitter, Charles (1875). Le nouvel Opéra (with 59 engravings). Paris: Hachette. Copies 1, 2, and 3 at Google Books.
- Nuitter, Charles (1878). Histoire et description du nouvel Opéra. Paris: Plon. View at Gallica.
- Nuitter, Charles; Thoinan, Ernest (1886). Les origines de l'Opéra français (in French). Paris: E. Plon, Nourrit et Cie. Copies 1 and 2 at Google Books.
External links
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