Biscuit (pottery)
Biscuit,[1][2][3][4][5][6] refers to pottery that has been fired but not yet glazed. Biscuit is any pottery after the first firing and before any glaze is applied. This can be a final product such as bisque porcelain, or terracotta, or, most commonly, an intermediary stage in a glazed final product.
The porous nature of biscuit earthenware means that it readily absorbs water, while vitreous ware and bone china are almost non-porous even without glazing.[7] The temperature of biscuit firing is usually at least 1000°C, although higher temperatures are common.[8] The firing of the ware that results in the biscuit article causes permanent chemical and physical changes to occur. These result in a much harder and more resilient article which can still be porous, and this can ease the application of glazes.
References
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- ↑ “The Fast Firing Of Biscuit Earthenware Hollow-Ware In a Single-Layer Tunnel Kiln.” Salt D.L. Holmes W.H RP737. Ceram Research.
- ↑ “New And Latest Biscuit Firing Technology”. Porzellanfabriken Christian Seltmann GmbH. Ceram.Forum Int./Ber.DKG 87,No.1/2, p.E33-E34,E36. 2010
- ↑ “Investigation Into Bloating Behaviour Of Bone China Body During Biscuit Firing.” A. Kara. Euro Ceramics VIII Pt.2 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland, pg.1717-1720, 2004
- ↑ “Interactions Between A Leadless Glaze And A Biscuit Fired Bone China Body During Glost Firing. Pt.3. Effect Of Glassy Matrix Phase.” A.Kara, R.Stevens. J.Eur.Ceram.Soc. 23, No.10, 2003, pg.1617-1628
- ↑ “Moisture Expansion Of Porous Biscuit Bodies - Reason Of Glaze Cracking.” B.Plesingerova, M.Klapac, M.Kovalcikova. Ceramics-Silikaty 46,No.4. pg.159-165. 2002.
- ↑ Modern Ceramic Practice. W.L.German. Maclaren & Sons. 1964
- ↑ Dictionary Of Ceramics. Arthur Dodd & David Murfin. 3rd edition. The Institute Of Minerals. 1994.
- ↑ Whitewares: Production, Testing And Quality Control. W.Ryan & C.Radford. Pergamon Press / Institute Of Ceramics, 1987.
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