Bladensburg Dueling Grounds

Bladensburg Dueling Grounds
Type	County park and state historic site
Location	Dueling Creek Natural Area, Colmar Manor Community Park, Colmar Manor, Maryland, United States
Created	Known as, "Blood Run" and "The Dark and Bloody Grounds", it was used from 1808-1868, until the last duel occurred, ending the era, as the site of 50 known duels, to settle disputes, between the Washington DC and Maryland elites.
Owned by	Prince George's County Department of Parks and Recreation

Notable Bladensburg duelists

Duration	1808-1868
Participants	Barent Gardenier vs. George W. Campbell (1808) John Mason McCarty vs. Armistead Thomson Mason (1819) Stephen Decatur vs. James Barron (1820) Daniel Key vs. John Sherbourne (1836) Jonathan Cilley vs. William J. Graves (1838) A. Galletin Lawrence vs. Baron Kusserow (1868)
Casualties
Barent Gardenier, wounded Armistead Thomson Mason, killed Stephen Decatur, mortally wounded Daniel Key, killed Jonathan Cilley, mortally wounded

Bladensburg Dueling Grounds is a small spit of land, a fraction of its original size, along Dueling Creek, formerly in the town of Bladensburg, Maryland, and now within the town of Colmar Manor, just to the northeast of Washington, D.C., United States. Dueling Creek, formerly known as '"Blood Run" and the "The Dark and Bloody Grounds", is a tributary of the Anacostia River, which was formerly, called the East Branch Potomac River.

From 1808 the grove witnessed approximately fifty duels by gentlemen, military officers, and politicians, settling "affairs of honor". The exact number of duels and the names of all the participants who fought at Bladensburg may never be known because dueling was against the law, surviving records are obscure, and the events are not well documented. It is quite possible that more than fifty duels took place there. A formalized set of rules dealing with dueling etiquette referred to as a Code duello was usually enforced by the duelers and their seconds, even though dueling was illegal in the District of Columbia, and in most American states and territories.

Following the Civil War, dueling fell out of favor as a means of settling personal grievances and declined rapidly; the last known duel was fought here in 1868.

Notable duels

• In 1808, U.S. Representative Barent Gardenier, of New York, fought a duel with U.S. Representative George W. Campbell, from Tennessee, resulting from opposition, by Gardenier to the presidential administration of Thomas Jefferson, backing a trade embargo with Great Britain and France. Gardenier challenged Campbell, and their duel was notable, as being the first to be fought on what became the Bladensburg Dueling Grounds. Barent Gardenier was wounded, but subsequently, recovered and won reelection.
• In 1819, Colonel John Mason McCarty killed his second cousin, General Armistead Thomson Mason. McCarty was haunted, for years, by his experience, after surviving the musket duel.
• Naval hero Commodore Stephen Decatur was mortally wounded, in 1820, by Commodore James Barron. Where Decatur and Barron dueled, is, now longer, included, within the boundaries of the current Dueling Creek park.
• In June 1836, 22-year-old Daniel Key, the son of Francis Scott Key, was killed in a senseless duel with a fellow Naval Academy midshipman, John Sherbourne, over a question regarding steamboat speed.
• Congressman Jonathan Cilley, a representative from Maine, was a reluctant participant. In February 1838, Cilley was killed by Congressman William J. Graves of Kentucky. Graves was a stand-in for New York newspaper editor James Webb, whom Cilley had called corrupt. Cilley was inexperienced with guns, and Graves was allowed to use a powerful rifle. A severed artery, in the leg of Cilley, caused him to bleed to death in ninety seconds. This duel prompted passage of a Congressional act of February 20, 1839, prohibiting the giving or accepting challenges to a duel within the District of Columbia.
• General A. Galletin Lawrence, U.S. Minister to Costa Rica and Baron Kusserow, Secretary of the German Legation, fought a bloodless duel in 1868, being the last recorded duel fought at the Bladensburg Dueling Grounds.

Commodore Stephen Decatur, the U.S. naval hero, was mortally wounded at Bladensburg and later died at his home in Washington DC.

Portrait of Francis Scott Key. Key's son, Daniel, was killed, at the dueling grounds, by a fellow midshipman from the U.S. Naval Academy, over steamboat speed.

References

• Hauck, Dennis William, Haunted Places, The National Directory
• Holland, Barbara, Gentlemen's Blood: A History of Dueling from Swords at Dawn to Pistols at Dusk
• Thompson Mason, Armistead, The Bladensburg Dueling Ground (Harper's Magazine)

External links

• Dark and Bloody Ground
• "Beyond the Battle: Bladensburg Rediscovered" exhibit at the University of Maryland, College Park