Blechnum

Blechnum
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Blechnum chilense
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Pteridophyta
Class:	Polypodiopsida /  Pteridopsida (disputed)
Order:	Polypodiales
(unranked):	Eupolypods II
Family:	Blechnaceae
Genus:	Blechnum L. 1753
Type species
Blechnum occidentale L. 1753
Species
See text
Synonyms
Lomaria Willd.

Blechnum (hard fern) is a genus of between 150–220 species of ferns with a cosmopolitan distribution, in the family Blechnaceae in the eupolypods II clade of the order Polypodiales. By far the greatest species diversity is in tropical regions of the Southern Hemisphere, with only a few species reaching cool temperate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere (notably B. penna-marina, south to Cape Horn, Chile, the southernmost fern in the world) and Northern Hemisphere (notably B. spicant, north to Iceland and northern Norway).

Most are herbaceous plants, but a few species (e.g. B. buchtienii and B. schomburgkii in Ecuador) are tree ferns with stems up to 3 m tall. Blechnum varies from most ferns in having a separation of sterile (photosynthetic) and fertile (reproductive) fronds in the same plant.

Species

Selected species

• Blechnum arcuatum
• Blechnum ambiguum (C.Presl) Kaulf. ex C.Chr.
• Blechnum blechnoides
• Blechnum brasiliense Desv.
• Blechnum buchtienii Rosenst.
• Blechnum cartilagineum Sw.
• Blechnum chambersii
• Blechnum chilense Kaulf.
• Blechnum contiguum
  • Blechnum cordatum (Desv.) Hieron. (syn. B. chilense)
• Blechnum cycadifolium (Colla) Sturm.
• Blechnum dendrophilum
• Blechnum discolor
• Blechnum durum
• Blechnum eburneum
• Blechnum filiforme
• Blechnum fluviatile
• Blechnum fullagarii
• Blechnum geniculatum
• Blechnum gibbum
• Blechnum gracile Kaulf.
• Blechnum howeanum
• Blechnum indicum Burm.f.
• Blechnum lanceola Sw.
• Blechnum magellanicum
• Blechnum membranaceum (Col.) Mett.
• Blechnum minus
• Blechnum monomorphum
• Blechnum nigrum
• Blechnum nipponicum (Kunze) Makino
• Blechnum novae-zelandiae T.C.Chambers & P.A.Farrant
• Blechnum nudum (Labill.) Mett. ex Luerss.
• Blechnum obtusatum (Labill.) Mett.
• Blechnum occidentale L.
• Blechnum orientale L.
• Blechnum palmiforme (Thouars) C.Chr. in Christoph.
• Blechnum patersonii
• Blechnum penna-marina (Poir.) Kuhn
• Blechnum petiolare
• Blechnum procerum T.C.Chambers & P.A.Farrant
• Blechnum schomburgkii (Klotzsch) C.Chr.
• Blechnum serrulatum Rich.
• Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm.
• Blechnum socialis
• Blechnum tabulare
• Blechnum vittatum Brack.
• Blechnum volubile Kaulf.
• Blechnum wattsii, Tindale Hard Water Fern

Circumscription

The circumscription of the genus has varied since it was established by Linnaeus in 1753. Some authors have put many of its species in a segregate genus Lomaria. DNA taxonomy indicates that the genus Doodia is embedded in Blechnum.

Cultivation and uses

Several species are grown as ornamental plants in gardens.

References

• [1]

• Germplasm Resources Information Network: Blechnum
• Flora of North America: Blechnum
• Trees and shrubs in the Andes of Ecuador: Blechnum
• Flora of China: Blechnum species list
• Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan.
• Moore, D. M. (1983). Flora of Tierra del Fuego.