Bruce Anderson (Medal of Honor)

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For other people named Bruce Anderson, see Bruce Anderson (disambiguation).
Bruce Anderson
Civil War era Medal of Honor
Born (1845-06-19)June 19, 1845
Mexico City[n 1]
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Albany, New York
Place of burial
Green Hill Cemetery
Amsterdam, New York
Allegiance United States United States of America
Union
Service/branch  United States Army
Union Army
Years of service 1864 - 1865
Rank Private
Unit New York 142nd New York Infantry
Battles/wars American Civil War
Second Battle of Fort Fisher
Awards Medal of Honor

Bruce Anderson (June 19, 1845 – August 22, 1922) was an African American Union Army soldier in the American Civil War and a recipient of America's highest military decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions during the Second Battle of Fort Fisher.

After working as a farmer in New York Anderson joined the military to fight in the Civil War and volunteered with a group of other soldiers to eliminate a palisade that was blocking the advance of his unit. After completing the mission and destroying the palasade, Anderson and twelve others were recommended for the Medal of Honor but the paperwork was lost. Anderson hired an attorney to get the Medal and he and two other soldiers received it in 1914.

Biography

Anderson was born June 19, 1845 in Mexico City but by the beginning of the Civil War was working as a farmer in New York.[n 1] He enlisted for service in the military from Schenectady[n 2] on August 31, 1864 as a private into Company K of the 142nd New York Infantry.[1] Anderson has the unusual, but not unique, distinction of being an African American soldier who served in a white Civil War regiment.[2]

On January 15, 1865, Anderson participated in the Union's second attack on Fort Fisher in North Carolina. He and twelve other men answered a call for volunteers to advance ahead of the main attack and cut down the palisade which blocked their path. Despite intense fire from the Confederate defenders, Anderson and the others were successful in destroying the obstacle. General Adelbert Ames recommended all thirteen men for the Medal of Honor, but his report was misplaced and the medals not issued.[1]

Forty-nine years after the end of the war, in 1914, Anderson hired a lawyer in an effort to receive the Medal of Honor. One of the other soldiers in the palisade-cutting group, Private Zachariah C. Neahr, had successfully petitioned for the award decades earlier. At Anderson's prompting, the Adjutant General of the Army launched an investigation which uncovered General Ames' letter of recommendation and sought out the other men of the group. Three men, Alaric B. Chapin, George Merrill, and Dewitt C. Hotchkiss, were found to be still alive and were, along with Anderson, again recommended for the medal.[1] Anderson, Merrill, and Chapin were each issued the Medal of Honor on December 28, 1914; Hotchkiss' recommendation was overlooked a second time, and he was never decorated.[1][3]

Anderson lived for a time in Illinois, but eventually returned to New York and settled there in the city of Amsterdam. He died August 22, 1922 at age 77 in St. Peter's Hospital in Albany, New York, and was buried at Green Hill Cemetery in Amsterdam.[1][4]

Medal of Honor citation

The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Private Bruce Anderson, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 15 January 1865, while serving with Company K, 142d New York Infantry, in action at Fort Fisher, North Carolina. Private Anderson voluntarily advanced with the head of the column and cut down the palisading.

General Orders: Date of Issue: December 28, 1914

Action Date: January 15, 1865

Service: Army

Rank: Private

Company: Company K

Regiment: 142nd New York Infantry

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Anderson's Medal of Honor citation incorrectly records his place of birth as Mexico, New York.
  2. ↑ Anderson's Medal of Honor citation incorrectly records his place of enlistment as Ephratah, New York.

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Army Center of Military History.
Inline
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Hanna, 14
  2. ↑ Moss
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
General
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External links

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  • Findagrave memorial for Bruce Anderson
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