Buckingham's rebellion
| Buckingham's rebellion | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Part of War of the Roses | |||
| Date | October 1483 | ||
| Goals | Overthrow of Richard III | ||
| Parties to the civil conflict | |||
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| Lead figures | |||
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Richard III of England Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham |
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| Units involved | |||
| Number | |||
| Casualties and losses | |||
| Casualties | |||
Buckingham's rebellion was a failed but significant uprising, or collection of uprisings, of October 1483 in England and parts of Wales against Richard III of England. To the extent that these local risings had a central coordination, the plot revolved around Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, who had become disaffected from Richard, and had backing from the exiled Henry Tudor (the future king Henry VII), and his mother Margaret Beaufort. Seven ships from Brittany carrying over 500 Bretton soldiers, Henry Tudor, and many of his supporters were to have simultaneously rise against Richard III. A gale ended their dream, and in England, a premature uprising in Kent forewarned Richard that Buckingham had changed sides.
Buckingham's precise motivation has been called "obscure"; he had been treated well by Richard.[1] The traditional naming of the rebellion after him has been labelled a misnomer, with John Morton and Reginald Bray more plausible leaders.[2]
Rebels took arms against the king, who had assumed power from Edward V in June of that year. They included many loyalists of Edward V, and others who had been Yorkist supporters of his father Edward IV.
Preparations, however, did not live up to the broad base of the rebellion: Richard in the field defeated the rising in a few weeks. In those military terms it was a complete failure. However, it deepened many people's opinion about Richard as king, and its effect over the next few months was to drive a number of leading figures into Henry Tudor's camp. 500 Englishmen slipped the King's net and found their way to Rennes, the capital of Brittany, who, in desperation, forged an alliance with the unknown Welshman, Henry Tudor.[3]
Contents
Rebels
| Name | Area | Position | Part in rebellion | Aftermath |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sir Robert Willoughby | Brooke in Westbury, Wiltshire | High Sheriff of Devon and High Sheriff of Cornwall under Edward IV | Openly supported Henry of Richmond | Joined Richmond in Brittany. Fought at Bosworth, became Lord Steward and created Robert Willoughby, 1st Baron Willoughby de Broke |
| Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset | Westminster Abbey in sanctuary as Richard took the throne, Yorkshire, Exeter[4] | Constable of the Tower of London for Edward V | Openly supported Henry of Richmond in Exeter.[4] | Joined Richmond in Brittany.[4] |
| Edward Courtenay | South-west England | Commission of the peace in Cornwall | He went Brittany, and was attainted in 1484. He took part in the battle of Bosworth, and was created Earl of Devon by Henry VII. (ODNB) | |
| Giles Daubeny | ||||
| Richard Guildford | ||||
| John Fogge | ||||
| Amias Paulet | Somerset, south-west England | Landowner[5] | Attainted after the rebellion; restored in 1485.[5] | |
| John Cheyne | Rebel leader in Salisbury.[6] | |||
| Richard Hill | Diocese of Salisbury, southern England | Cleric | Probable support of local rebels.[7] | Suffered loss of income; may have become a supporter of Richmond at this point.[7] |
| Walter Hungerford of Farleigh | Wiltshire | Rebel leader[8] | Pardoned, confined briefly to the Tower of London.[8] | |
| John Morton | In Buckingham's custody in Brecon Castle | Bishop of Ely, conspirator | Planning[9] | Attainted, escaped to Flanders, pardoned December 1484 but went to Rome.[9] |
| Thomas Nandyke | Astrologer | At Brecon with Buckingham and Morton.[10] | He took part in a later revolt against Richard around Colchester, and was outlawed.[10] | |
| Reginald Bray | Conspirator and go-between | North-west England and Wales | Liaison between Morton and Margaret Beaufort. Recruited Daubeny, Cheyne, Richard Guildford.[11] | Pardoned January 1484.[11] |
Loyalists
| Name | Position | Part in rebellion | Aftermath |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ralph de Ashton | Vice-constable of England.[12] | Rewarded with land in Kent.[12] | |
| John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk | Military commander | Defended London for the king.[13] | Killed at the Battle of Bosworth on the king's side. |
References
Notes
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Bosworth: The Birth of the Tudors; Phoenix Press; 2013; pp. 153-4 Recorded by Polydore Vergil.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
