COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji

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COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji
File:Fiji COVID-19 - 10-07-2021.png
COVID-19 Case Distribution as at 11 July 2021
Disease COVID-19
Virus strain SARS-CoV-2
First case Lautoka, Western Division, Viti Levu
Arrival date 19 March 2020 (2020-03-19)
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Origin Wuhan, Hubei, China
Deaths 85[lower-alpha 1][1]
Confirmed cases 16,471[1]
Official website
Health.gov.fj

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The COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first case of the disease in Fiji was reported on 19 March 2020 in Lautoka. As of 17 July 2021, the country has had a total of 16,471 cases as of which 12,975 are currently active and 85 deaths, with all cases recorded on the main islands of Viti Levu and Vanua Levu except for one case which was recorded on the island of Gau. Apart from the 85 COVID-19 deaths, another 34 COVID-19 positive patients have died from pre-existing non-COVID-19 related illnesses. In March 2021, Fiji became the first Pacific island country to receive the COVID-19 vaccines through the COVAX initiative with frontline workers and first responders the first to be vaccinated. As of 15 July 2021, out of the target population of 587,651, more than 390,000 (67%) Fijians have received their first jab of the vaccine and almost 70,000 (13%) Fijians have received their second jab and are fully vaccinated. As of July 2021, only the AstraZeneca vaccine has been deployed in the country, with shipments of the Moderna vaccine and Sinopharm vaccine expected to come in later in 2021.

In the early stages of the pandemic, Fiji imposed travel bans on highly affected countries. As the pandemic worsened, Fiji closed all borders and ports to non-residents. Ports were closed on 16 March 2020 and the main international airport in Nadi was closed on 26 March 2020. Returning citizens were required to self-isolate at a government funded facility for 14 days, supervised by Health Officials and the Military. Domestically, the government responded by imposing a national curfew, restricting large gatherings and closing down schools and non-essential services. The government imposed lockdowns in the two largest cities of Lautoka and Suva and developed a contact tracing app named careFIJI. The government established a Centre for Disease Control for COVID-19 testing and built fever clinics nationwide for temperature checks. Such measures helped eliminate local transmissions of the virus for more than a year.

From July 2020 to April 2021, Fiji only recorded cases from managed quarantine facilities at the border as repatriation flights brought stranded citizens back home. This has allowed the country to relax its COVID-19 restrictions to boost its economic recovery however on 19 April 2021, Fiji confirmed its first community case as a result of a breach in protocol.[2] In response, the township of Nadi and the city of Lautoka went into a lockdown and previous health restrictions were re-imposed all over the country with the national curfew restored. As local transmission cases soared exacerbated by the Delta variant, the Government sealed off the main island ofViti Levu establishing Suva, Lautoka, Nadi, Nausori, Rakiraki and Lami as containment areas and activating the Fiji Emergency Medical Assistance Team (FEMAT) in Lautoka. This meant that over 70% of the population was now in lockdown. The virus penetrated prominent hospitals of Fiji including the Fiji CDC and the headquarters of the Ministry of Health which prompted senior health officials to go into self isolation. High number of cases continue to be recorded from the Western and Central division, with daily records being broken almost every second day. Despite continuous records of new cases, the government has ruled out any possibility of a nationwide lockdown adding that their directive would be on targeted lockdowns instead.[3]

The pandemic forced Fiji to reduce its interest rate. The country's economy is expected to contract after decades of economic growth due to the pandemic's impact on tourism, retail, manufacturing and trade. The International Labour Organisation and the Asian Development Bank issued reports about workers being affected and warned about the rising youth unemployment rate and child labour. The impacts has also prompted residents to leave the country for short term employment overseas. There were even reported incidents of racism and xenophobia against Chinese people or to those perceived as such. Misinformation and conspiracy theories surfaced about the COVID-19 vaccines, the origin of the virus and the government's response to the pandemic. Domestic violence and assault cases against women also increased as a result of lockdowns.

Background

On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, who had initially come to the attention of the WHO on 31 December 2019.[4][5]

Compared to SARS of 2003, the case fatality ratio for COVID-19 [6][7] has been much lower, but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.[8][6]

Timeline of cases

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Main article: Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji

Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Fiji medical cases chart

Fiji confirmed its first imported case on 19 March 2020.[9] The country subsequently confirmed its second case and first community transmission on 21 March, which was connected to the first imported case.[10] The number of COVID-19 cases in Fiji remained low throughout 2020 with the country reporting a total of 49 COVID-19 cases, mainly in quarantine, by 30 December 2020.[11]

From April 2021, Fiji experienced a rapid surge in community cases after a community transmission was reported in the city of Nadi on 19 April 2021. As a result, Nadi was placed into lockdown.[12][13] By 30 April, there were 50 active cases in managed isolation (five older quarantine cases from before 18 April, 14 new imported cases, and 29 local transmissions).[14]

By 31 May 2021, Fiji had reported a total of 438 cases since March 2020 including 267 active cases. 368 of these cases are linked to the community outbreak that began in April 2021. There have been a total of 167 recoveries and four deaths since March 2020.[15]

By 30 June 2021, Fiji had reported a total of 4,418 cases since March 2020, with 4,348 of these been recorded since April 2021. There were 3,503 active cases and 882 recoveries in total. In addition, the death toll had risen to 21.[16]

Government responses

February 2020

On 3 February, the Government of Fiji toughened border security. Borders were closed to foreign nationals who have been in mainland China within 14 days of their intended travel to Fiji.[17] Measures to maintain a hygienic environment and screening ill passengers will continue to be taken in-flight to further minimise any risk.[18]

On 27 February, Fiji extended its travel ban and announced that travellers from Italy, Iran and the South Korean cities of Daegu and Cheongdo would be denied entry. From 28 February, all cruise ships entering Fiji have been required to make first berths at ports in Suva and Lautoka, where passengers undergo medical and travel history checks.[19]

March 2020

On 15 March, Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama had announced that from 16 March cruise ships will be banned from berthing anywhere in Fiji and international events will not be allowed in Fiji. Government ministers and staff will be restricted from travelling overseas.[20]

Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama announced a further extension of the ban to foreign nationals who had been present in the United States, as well as all of Europe including the United Kingdom. Also all travellers arriving in or returning to Fiji from outside of the country had to self-isolate for 14 days.[21]

On 20 March, all schools and non-essential businesses in Lautoka had been closed at midnight, however banks, supermarkets, pharmacies and essential businesses remained open.[22][23] The Minister for Education, Heritage and Arts Rosy Akbar in consultation with the Prime Minister announced that the national term one school holidays that were initially scheduled from 20 April to 1 May would be brought forward, to 23 March to 3 April.[24] Fiji Airways suspended all international flights until the end of May, with the exception of twice-weekly services between Singapore and Nadi.[25] The government established two fever clinics in Lautoka.[26]

On 23 March, the Fijian Government established eight fever clinics around the country with six clinics running in Nasinu, Labasa, Savusavu, and Nabouwalu. Two others had been running in Lautoka since 20 March.[27]

On 25 March, Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama announced that Nadi International Airport would shut down from 26 March and all local shipping services would cease from 29 March.[28]

On 26 March, Attorney General and Minister for Economy Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum revealed the COVID-19 response budget.[29]

On 27 March, Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama announced a nationwide curfew from 10 p.m. to 5 a.m. that would take effect on 30 March.[30]

On 30 March, Minister for Education, Heritage and Arts Rosy Akbar announced that the school holidays would be extended for another two weeks until 17 April.[31]

April 2020

On 1 April, Minister for Health and Medical Services Ifereimi Waqainabete announced that the Lautoka lock down will be extended till 7 April to ensure that no COVID-19 cases left undetected.[32]

On 16 April, Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama announced that schools will remain closed till 15 June. He also announced the extension of the quarantine period to a full 28 days, both for anyone who is newly quarantined and to those who currently are waiting out their initial 14-day period.[33]

May 2020

On 8 May, Fiji Airways extended all flight suspension till the end of June due to the prolonged impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.[34]

June 2020

On 21 June, Fiji announced the relaxation of the COVID-19 restrictions as part of its efforts to restart the economy. Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama announced new nationwide curfew hours from 11:00 p.m. to 4:00 a.m. that came into effect on 22 June. Social gathering numbers, which also include gatherings at weddings, funerals, cafes, restaurants and worship, were increased from 20 to 100 people. Gyms, fitness centers, cinemas and swimming pools were re-opened on 22 June, however nightclubs remained closed. Schools were re-opened for year 12 and 13 students on 30 June, and universities could also re-open for face to face classes. The Prime Minister announced the Bula Bubble plan for some Pacific Island countries and also for the Australian and New Zealand tourism markets. The plan stipulated that travellers could either present a medical certificate from a recognized medical institution certifying their 14 days quarantine in their home country, along with proof of a negative COVID-19 test result within 48 hours upon arriving in Fiji, or complete 14 days quarantine in Fiji at their own cost, after which they could start their Bula Bubble.[35]

December 2020

On 22 December, the COVID-19 Risk Mitigation Taskforce (CRMT)[lower-alpha 2] announced that all inbound passenger flights to Fiji scheduled between 24 December and 28 December have been ceased.[36] This is in response of the discovery of a new variant of the novel coronavirus, Variant of Concern 202012/01 in the United Kingdom which appears to be more contagious than previous variants.[37] Thus, the Ministry of Health used that time to conduct an extensive review of its border quarantine processes.[38][39]

April 2021

On 19 April, Fiji's two largest cities of Lautoka and Nadi entered into a lockdown after the country recorded its first community transmission in 12 months. This community case is a 53-year old woman who is a close contact of a managed isolation worker. Her relatives have been placed into quarantine.[12][13] Schools nationwide has been closed for three weeks.[40]

In response to four community transmissions reported on 25 April, the Government established Suva, Nausori and Lami as containment areas with restricted movement in place for two weeks.[41][42]

On 30 April, the Fijian Government announced the cities of Suva and Nausori will go into lockdown for two days to speed up its contact tracing efforts.[14]

May 2021

On 6 May, the Fijian government activated the Fiji Emergency Medical Assistance Team (FEMAT) and dispatched its medical carrier vessel MV Veivueti to Lautoka.[43]

In response to the rising cases, the Government announced on 12 May that it would impose a lockdown in Suva and Nausori from 14 May till 18 May.[44] On 13 May, the lockdown was later extended till 19 May due to the rapid increase in contacts of COVID-19 patients.[45]

July 2021

As cases continue to mount, the Fiji Police Force announced on 6 July that they would be arresting individuals who fail to wear a mask in a public place within containment zones.[46]

On 8 July, Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama in a video address to the nation announced that jabs will be compulsory in the private and public sector adding that "Fiji is now amongst a handful of countries that have taken the oath of no jab, no job". Unvaccinated public servants will be sacked if they refused to take a COVID-19 vaccine.[47][48]

International responses

Intergovernmental and international organizations

Sovereign states

  •  Australia - provided $15.4 million in budget support to the Government of Fiji. Australian High Commissioner to Fiji John Feakes commended the Ministry of Health's work in combating the pandemic.[53] In response to rising cases in Fiji in June 2021, Australia and New Zealand sent a joint team of medical specialists to help.[54]
  •  China - donated more than $200,000 worth of medical supplies. President of the Fiji China Friendship Association Fang Fang Jamnadas says most of the medical supplies was donated by the Chinese government and various private Chinese businesses.[55]
  •  Japan - provided $200 million emergency loan. This money is directed in strengthening health and medical services.[56][57]
  •  New Zealand - provided $1.5 million in cash. NZ Ambassador to Fiji Jonathan Curr added that this will be directed to Fijian businesses.[58][59] In late April 2021, New Zealand Associate Minister of Health William Sio confirmed that New Zealand would donate 250,000 doses of the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine in response to a surge of cases in Fiji.[60] New Zealand along with Australia contributed a joint team of medical specialists in June 2021.[54]

Impacts

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See also: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic

Economy

When Fiji confirmed its first case of COVID-19, there was a surge in panic shopping seen in supermarkets in Suva, Lautoka and Labasa.[61] On 18 March, the Reserve Bank of Fiji reduced its overnight policy rate (OPR)[lower-alpha 3] and predicted the domestic economy to fall into a recession after decades of economic growth.[62] GDP is expected to contract severely in 2020, with the economy predicted to contract by 21.7 per cent in the same year due to poor tourism activity.[63][64] Annual inflation remained in negative territory in May (-1.7%) and is forecast to edge up to 1.0 percent by year-end.[65]

Fiji Airways had suspended all Singapore and Hong Kong flights after the two countries introduced border restrictions.[66]

In April 2020, the Construction Industry Council reported that they are already experiencing a downturn affecting construction projects due to limited raw materials.[67] On 2 August, the International Labour Organization estimated that 115,000 Fijian workers have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, adding that sectors affected include tourism, retail and manufacturing.[68]

Barter trades have become popular in the Facebook group called Barter for a better Fiji as Fijians opt for cashless trade movement.[69] U.S. broadcaster CBS postponed production of its reality shows Love Island and Survivor in Fiji, with Love Island later being relocated to Las Vegas for its second season and the forty-first season of Survivor being pushed to 2021.[65][63][70]

On 10 October 2020, the International Labour Organization and the Asian Development Bank issued a report stating that the youth unemployment rate is set to increase as high as 18 percent.[71] A report issued by the Fiji Statistics Bureau shows that Fiji had 1,000 visitors in September 2020 compared to 81,354 visitors last September. It also reported that more than 500 Fijian residents left the country for short term employment.[72]

Impact of COVID-19 on Government Revenue for the Year 2020[73]
Particulars Change
Private Loan Decrease51.4%
VAT Decrease38.6%
Bank Loan Decrease28%
Investment in building & construction Decrease24%
Review notes lending to the wholesale, retail, hotels & restaurants sector Decrease21%
Investment in real estate Decrease21%

Social

On 5 February, FBC reported that a local Chinese had been berated publicly at a bus station by a man claiming the victim had COVID-19.[74] On 3 March, a 24-year-old man lied to a nurse and a doctor about having COVID-19 adding that he had returned from Japan in which he did not wear a face mask. He was remanded and investigated at which authorities learnt that he had no history of travel.[75] On 22 October, he was sentenced to six months imprisonment.[76]

An opposition Fijian member of parliament Mitieli Bulanauca mentioned that COVID-19 has been spread by evil forces to assist China and they're responsible for the crisis we are in which is being assisted by satanic forces. Bulanauca also claimed that the World Health Organization (WHO) had sided with China over the poor handling of the COVID-19 outbreak. The Chinese Embassy in Fiji condemned claims made by Bulanauca saying that it is shocked and disappointed as Bulanauca's remarks are not factual and were taken from fake social media pages.[77]

The Fiji Women's Crisis Centre received an increase number of domestic violence cases during the lockdowns with the national domestic violence helpline receiving over 500 calls in April 2020.[78] Also, the Ministry of Women, Children and Poverty Alleviation recorded more than 1000 assault cases against women.[79] The pandemic has also affected medicine supply for local cancer patients, health centers and hospitals.[80] The International Labour Organisation has also noted about the rise in child labour amidst the pandemic.[81]

On 6 December 2020 when two sailors from a cargo ship tested positive for COVID-19, unverified claims on social media stated that there would be a lockdown in Suva specifically in the Queen Elizabeth Barracks.[82] The Ministry of Health has denied those claims however strict COVID-19 protocols were enforced at the Barracks as a "precautionary measure" to prevent any local transmissions.[83]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, academic Tarisi Vunidilo created the social media platform Talanoa with Dr T to enable connection between Fiji's primary school children and their heritage.[84]

Fijian authorities have ruled out imposing a lockdown in response to the COVID-19 outbreak in 2021, claiming that the public would not comply. 1 News journalist Barbara Dreaver described the Government's decision as unusual since the authorities had imposed lockdowns following the previous coups in Fiji. There were also reports of people not complying with social distancing rules and hosting kava parties.[85]

Statistics

Cumulative Cases, Deaths and Recoveries
(last updated 17 July 2021)

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                    Cases        Recovered        Deaths        Active cases[lower-alpha 4]  

Second wave

Testing

Testing began on 28 January 2020 where samples were sent to the Victorian Infectious Disease Reference Laboratory (VIDRL) in Melbourne, Australia. Local testing began on 11 March 2020 at the Fiji Center for Disease Control.[86]

As of 27 June 2021, Fiji has conducted 190,822 tests with a 7-day average daily test positivity of 7.4% and 3.3 tests per 1,000 population. Testing has increased significantly in response to the local transmission cases first confirmed in mid April 2021.[87]

Testing conducted per month
(last updated 27 June 2021)

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                    No of test per month        No of test (cumulative)  

Vaccinations efforts

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Main article: COVID-19 vaccination in Fiji

On 11 February 2021, Fiji approved access to the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine for its national COVID-19 vaccination programme.[88] On 7 March, Fiji received its first stocks of the AstraZeneca vaccines.[89] On 9 July, Fiji approved the use of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine for individuals age 18 and above as well as pregnant women.[90] Vaccination is mandatory.[47]

Vaccine rollout

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See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Excluding the 34 COVID-19 positive patients that died but from pre-existing medical illnesses
  2. ↑ The COVID-19 Risk Mitigation Taskforce is a cabinet-mandated working group consisting of the Permanent Secretaries for Economy (Chair), Health and Medical Services and Commerce, Trade, Tourism, and Transport. The Secretariat support is provided by the Ministry of Commerce, Trade, Tourism and Transport, Border Health Protection, Incident Management Team, and Republic of Fiji Military Forces Surveillance team
  3. ↑ The OPR is the key interest rate used by the Reserve Bank of Fiji (RBF) to officially indicate and communicate its monetary policy stance. A reduction in the OPR signifies an easing of monetary policy.
  4. ↑ The number of active cases is the number of total confirmed minus the number of recoveries and deaths.

References

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