Caledonian Road, London
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The Caledonian Road passes for about a mile and a half north-south through the London Borough of Islington. It connects North London, from Camden Road near its junction with Holloway Road, and central London's Pentonville Road in the south. It is known colloquially as the "Cally" and forms the entirety of the A5203.
The road is mostly residential from Camden Road until it reaches Caledonian Road tube station. Residential developments have been constructed around the station including student accommodation. South of the station near the bridge carrying the North London Line is Pentonville Prison. South of the prison the road is lined with shops and cafes including several Ethiopian restaurants. The area is poor compared to the north end and the shops serve the council estates bordering the road and the more affluent Barnsbury area of mostly Georgian terraces to the east. The road crosses the Regents Canal at Thornhill Bridge and to the south are trendy shops and restaurants that have opened as a result of the King's Cross Central developments. The road ends at Pentonville Road near King's Cross railway station and the border with Camden. Housmans Bookshop, specialist radical book and magazine retailers established in 1945, is at No.5, as are the offices of Peace News and London Greenpeace, the people behind the McLibel Trial.
In August 2013, the railway bridge over the road was repainted to remove the word "Ferodo" (one of many such bridges advertising the company name) and replaced it with the street's informal name, "The Cally".[1]
The road was the subject of an hour-long episode in the 2012 BBC and Open University co-production, The Secret History of Our Streets, which chose the Caledonian Road as a typical London example.
History
The road was constructed in pursuance of an act of Parliament, 6 Geo. IV 156 (1825), obtained by the Battle Bridge and Holloway Road Company.[2] The company built the Caledonian Road in 1826 as a toll road to link the New Road with Holloway Road (which is part of the Great North Road) and provide a new link to the West End from the north.
Originally known as Chalk Road, its name was but changed after the Royal Caledonian Asylum for the children of poor exiled Scots, was built here in 1828. The building has since been demolished and its site is occupied by local authority housing, the Caledonian Estate built 1900-7.
The first residential buildings on the road were Thornhill Terrace (numbers 106-146) built in 1832, and other terraces were built in the 1840s. From around 1837 to 1849, cottages in gardens were built between Brewery Road and the site of the railway which were part of the failed Experimental Gardens or French Colony founded by a philanthropist, Peter Baume.[3] Due to poor lighting and roads, the cottages declined into slums.
Pentonville Prison was built in 1842 immediately to the south of the asylum. Cattle drovers passed along the road on their way to Smithfield until 1852 when the City of London Corporation transferred the Metropolitan Cattle Market to the Caledonian Market. Drovers' lodgings, five public houses, and two hotels were put up around the market, and the corporation built a block of dwellings for the working classes in about 1865.
In the mid 20th century, many communities were attracted to Caledonian Road by its relatively low property prices. An Irish community grew there; and in 1955, a cache of weapons belonging to the Irish Republican Army was discovered in the cellar of No. 257 Caledonian Road.[4]
Buildings
The road has a number of architecturally important or interesting buildings. Its listed buildings, include an Italianate Methodist Chapel built in 1870;[5] the Caledonian Estate, an early Edwardian flatted estate; Pentonville Prison;[6] and the Flying Scotsman, a 1901 public house and offices.[7] Caledonian Road tube station is also Grade II listed. University College London's controversial New Hall building attracted negative responses from some architectural critics on its completion for its purported failure to accommodate its Victorian facade with the building behind.[8] The road passes Islington Council social housing estates such as Tiber Gardens,
Transport
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Bibliography
- "Caledonian Road" in Ben Weinreb and Christopher Hibbert (1983) The London Encyclopedia
- 'Islington: Growth: Holloway and Tollington', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 8: Islington and Stoke Newington parishes (1985), pp. 29–37. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=1374&strquery=Caledonian Road. Date accessed: 9 November 2007.
References
- ↑ http://www.teamcally.org.uk/2013/08/welcoming-the-cally-bridge-to-the-cally-road/, accessed on 4 April 2014, (11.33 BST)
- ↑ London Past and Present: Its History, Associations, and Traditions By Henry Benjamin Wheatley (Cambridge University Press, 2011) p.317
- ↑ The London Encyclopaedia (3rd Edition), by Christopher Hibbert, p.120
- ↑ The Secret History of Our Streets: London, by Joseph Bullman, p.225
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- ↑ http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/aug/29/carbuncle-cup-student-housing-ucl
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