Canopus (nuclear test)
Canopus (also Opération Canopus in French) was the code name for France's first two-stage thermonuclear test, conducted on August 24, 1968 at Fangataufa atoll. The test made France the fifth country to test a thermonuclear device after the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and China.
Contents
History
In 1966, France was able to use fusion fuel to boost plutonium implosion devices with the Rigel shot. Roger Dautray, a nuclear physicist, was selected by the CEA to lead the development effort to construct a two-stage weapon. France did not have the ability to produce the materials needed for a two-stage thermonuclear device at the time, so 151 tons of heavy water was purchased from Norway and an additional 168 tons from the United States. This heavy water went into nuclear reactors in 1967 to produce tritium needed for the device[citation needed].
France was to test the new device as part of a 5-shot series conducted at the nuclear testing grounds in French Polynesia. The device weighed three tons and used a lithium deuteride secondary stage with a highly enriched uranium jacket primary.
Fangataufa was selected as the location of the shot due to its isolation in respect to the main base on Mururoa. The device was suspended from a large hydrogen filled balloon. It was detonated at 18:30:00.5 GMT with a 2.6 megaton yield at an altitude of 1800 feet. Nominal yield was 2.6 megatons.ctbto As a result of the successful detonation, France became the 5th thermonuclear nation.
A flotilla codenamed Alfa Force lead by French aircraft carrier Clemenceau deployed to the south Pacific during the time of the test. The naval force present around the two atolls massed more than 120,000 tons displacement and represented more than 40% of the tonnage of the entire French navy.[1]
International Response
The announcement by France in the late 1960s to test a hydrogen bomb provoked the People's Republic of China to conduct a full scale hydrogen bomb test of its own on June 17, 1967.[citation needed][2]
In Popular Culture
The 1998 film Godzilla uses this particular test as the basis for the monster Zilla, a marine iguana mutated by the fallout from the blast while still in its egg (however, the footage in the movie is actually of the United States' Baker Test in 1946.)
See also
- Gerboise Bleue (French atmospheric A-bomb)
- Agathe (atomic test) (French underground A-bomb)
- Force de frappe
- Nuclear weapons and France
- List of states with nuclear weapons
Notes
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Atomic Forum; French Atmospheric Nuclear Testing Series - 1968, Archived May 20, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
