Central Great Plains (ecoregion)

Central Great Plains
Central Great Plains (area 27 on the map)
Ecology
Ecozone	Nearctic
Biome	Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
Borders	Western High Plains to the northwest Southwestern Tablelands to the southwest Southern Rockies to the northwest Edwards Plateau to the south Central Oklahoma/Texas Plains to the southeast Flint Hills to the central-northeast Western Corn Belt Plains to the northeast Nebraska Sand Hills to the north
Bird species	228
Mammal species	88
Geography
Country	United States
State	Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska
Conservation
Habitat loss	50.68%
Protected	0.48%

File:Central and Southern Mixed Grasslands map.svg

Designated as Central and Southern Mixed Grasslands by the World Wildlife Fund

The Central Great Plains are a semi-arid prairie ecoregion of the central United States, part of North American Great Plains. The region runs from west-central Texas through west-central Oklahoma, central Kansas, and south-central Nebraska.

It is designated as the Central and Southern Mixed Grasslands ecoregion by the World Wildlife Fund.

Geography

This is a large grassland area with very few trees running north-south from central Nebraska through central Kansas and western Oklahoma to north-central Texas, covering 282,000 km². This is a transition zone between the Central tall grasslands and Central forest-grasslands transition ecoregions to the east and the Western short grasslands to the west, while to the north lie the Northern mixed grasslands which have a cooler temperature and a much shorter growing season.

Cities

Cities located within the Central Great Plains ecoregion include:

• Abilene, Texas
• Altus, Oklahoma
• Kearney, Nebraska
• Lawton, Oklahoma

• Macomb, Oklahoma
• Wichita, Kansas
• Woodward, Oklahoma

Environment

Flora

The prevalent vegetation of the Central Great Plains ecoregion is a rich mixture of prairie mixed grass of medium height tallgrass and shortgrass. The ecoregion is encompassed by the tallgrass and shortgrass prairies. There are wildflowers among the grasses but very few trees and shrubs. The grasslands are heavily grazed and frequently disturbed by drought and fire. Other vegetation is drought-tolerant tree species (mesquite) and prickly pear cacti.

Fauna

The Central Great Plains prairie is part of the historical native rangeland of the Great Plains endemic American bison. It has been converted for use as grazing land for cattle since the 19th century.

The grasslands are home habitat for a resident prairie birds, while the wetlands of the region are important stopovers for birds migrating between North America and Mexico. The Cheyenne Bottoms near Great Bend, Kansas and the Platte River in Nebraska are particularly important for migrating sandhill cranes and other waders.

The region is home to a large number of reptiles. Some of the prevalent wildlife in the southern area are coyote, striped bark scorpions, rattlesnakes, and common house geckos.

Conservation

Most of the grasslands have been converted for agriculture with only about 5% of natural habitat remaining. Indeed this area was so heavily overcultivated that it was damaged during the 1930s Dust Bowl period in which the topsoil was blown away in dust storms. The grasslands have since recovered but are cropland and managed grazing ranges rather than unspoiled native grasses and perennials pasture.

Protected areas

The small remaining blocks of intact habitat include:

• Oklahoma — the Wichita Mountains, and the Great Salt Plains Lake in Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge.
• Nebraska — the Platte River State Park near Louisville (Nebraska), and the Rainwater Basins to the south.
• Kansas — the Cheyenne Bottoms, the Quivira National Wildlife Refuge near the town of Stafford, the Red Hills, and the Smoky Hills areas.

These protected areas consist of patches of intact native grassland amidst the cultivated rangeland, and most of the remaining natural habitats of the Great Plains are unprotected. The two largest protected areas are the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge for bison and black-capped vireo, and the Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge.

See also

• The Great Plains Ecoregion
• Flora of the Great Plains (North America)
• Great Plains—related topics
• Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands in the United States — biome's ecoregions in the U.S.
• List of ecoregions in the United States (EPA)
• List of ecoregions in the United States (WWF)

External links

• Native Prairies Association of Texas (NPAT)
• NPAT protected prairies
• The Nature Conservancy (TNC)
• Connemara Conservancy
• Soil Physics at Oklahoma State
• Weeds of the Blackland Prairie
• Texas counties map showing the ecoregion