Cessna Citation II

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Cessna Citation II / IISP / SII
Citation Bravo
Cessna 550b citation bravo cs-dhr arp.jpg
Role Corporate jet
National origin United States
Manufacturer Cessna
First flight 31 January 1977
Produced 1978–2006
Number built 1184 : 688 II, 336 Bravo, 160 S550[1]
Developed from Cessna Citation I

The Cessna Citation II was the first of the Model 550 series of Citation jets, which are light corporate jet built by Cessna. A direct development of the Citation I, the Citation II led to the later development of the Citation II/SP, the S550 Citation S/II, and the Citation Bravo. The Citation II was also used by the United States Navy under the designation T-47A for radar system training.

Design and development

Citation II

A Citation II seen shortly after landing

The Citation II, Model 550, was a direct development from the Citation I.[2] The earlier aircraft's success in the market led Cessna to believe there was demand for a larger aircraft that utilized the same design philosophy. The result was the Citation II, which had a maximum seating capacity of 10. In addition to more seats, the plane had more powerful JT15D-4 engines (2,500 lbf (11 kN) thrust per engine), increase of fuel capacity to approximately 5000 lbs, faster speeds and longer range. First flight was on January 31, 1977, and the aircraft was certified for two-pilot operation in March, 1978.[3] A total of 603 aircraft were built before the Citation II was replaced by the Bravo in the production line.[4]

The US Customs & Border Protection purchased ten Citation IIs configured with fire control radar (initially the F-16's APG-66(V), later the Selex ES Vixen 500E system) and the WF-360TL imaging system.[5] These aircraft have been used effectively in Panama, Honduras, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Mexico and Aruba and are not to be confused with the similar OT-47B aircraft, which are based on the Cessna Citation V airframe.

Citation II/SP

Front view of a model 551 Citation II/SP

Like the Citation I/SP, the Model 551 Citation II/SP was launched as Cessna's means of competing in the turboprop market, which predominantly are operated single-pilot, so the aircraft was re-certified for single-pilot operations.

T-47

Cessna T-47A trainer of the US Navy's TRAWING 6 at Nellis AFB, Nevada, in May 1987

The Model 552 T-47A was the designation given by the U.S. Navy to the Citation II. Fifteen aircraft were purchased by the Navy to train Naval Flight Officers, primarily its Navy F-14 Tomcat Radar Intercept Officers, Navy and Marine Corps A-6 Intruder Bombardier/Navigators, Navy and Marine Corps EA-6B Prowler Electronic Warfare Officers, Marine Corps F/A-18D Hornet Weapon Systems Officers and Navy S-3 Viking Copilot/Tactical Coordinators. The T-47A was modified by incorporating JT15D5 engines, shortened wings, multiple radar consoles and the AN/APQ-167 radar system.[6]

The T-47As were operated by Training Air Squadron Eighty Six (VT-86), which was based at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida. All but one of the T-47As were destroyed in a hangar fire, and the Navy replaced them with upgraded T-39s[7]

Citation S/II

In October, 1983, Cessna announced that they would be improving the aircraft, and the upgraded Model S550 Citation S/II first flew February 14, 1984. The S/II could seat a maximum of 11 people. The aircraft utilized an improved version of the engine, JT15D-4B (2,500 lbf (11 kN) of thrust). The "B" in the engine model number consists of components in the hot section being replaced with components sustaining higher IT temperatures which in turn allows for a higher N1 percentage of 106%, a full 2% more than the JT15D-4 engines installed on the Citation II. The main benefit of the percent increase provided more thrust at higher altitudes. Fuel capacity was increased to a total of 5820 lbs. The rest of the improvements were aerodynamic in nature. The wing was replaced with one using a supercritical airfoil, which had been developed for the Citation III. The leading edges of the wing and tail used TKS type anti-icing fluid in addition to bleed air used for the engines. Once certification was in hand, the S/II replaced the II in the product line in late 1984. However, due to market demands, the II was returned to production in 1987. The S/II was discontinued after the 1988 production year. The number of S/II's produced is (approximate) 160. The II continued in production until 1994, and was replaced by the Bravo in 1997.

Citation Bravo

A Citation II taking off

By 1994, the Citation II and S/II had been in production for 10 years, and it was time to integrate new technology. Cessna thus announced the development of the Citation Bravo. While it was built on the basic II airframe, the new aircraft was powered by Pratt & Whitney Canada PW530A engines. The main landing gear was replaced by the smoother-riding trailing link configuration adopted by other members of the Citation line, and the standard avionics suite was updated to the Honeywell Primus 1000 glass cockpit.[8] The new aircraft first flew on April 25, 1995, but certification did not come for over a year, finally being granted in August 1996.[3] Production of the Bravo ceased in late 2006 after 337 had been produced.[9]

Variants

  • Citation II (Model 550) a larger stretched development of the Model 500 first produced in 1978. Initially replaced by the S/II in production, but was brought back and produced side-by-side with the S/II until the Bravo was introduced.[3][4]
  • T-47A (Model 552) is the military designation of the Citation II. The United States Navy purchased 15 T-47A aircraft as radar system trainers.
  • Citation II/SP (Model 551) single-pilot operations[3][10]
  • Citation S/II (Model S550) incorporated a number of improvements, especially an improved wing. Replaced the II in production.[3][11]
  • Citation Bravo (Model 550) updated II and S/II with new PW530A engines, landing gear and Primus 1000 avionics.[8][12] The last Citation Bravo rolled off the production line in late 2006, ending a nearly 10 year production run of 337 aircraft.[9]

Operators

North Flying in 2004

Military operators

 Argentina
 Colombia
 Ecuador
 Myanmar
  • Myanmar Air Force
 Nigeria
 Pakistan
 Saudi Arabia
 South Africa
 Spain
 Sweden
 Turkey
 United States
 Venezuela

Specifications (Cessna S550 Citation SII)

Cessna S550 Citation II flight deck while airborne

Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1993–94[17]

General characteristics

Performance

See also

Related development

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Citation I info from Aviation Safety Network
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 The Cessna Citation II & Bravo from Airliners.net
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Citation II info from Aviation Safety Network
  5. ↑ Cessna C-550 Fact Sheet Retrieved 21 August 2011.
  6. ↑ Model Designation of Military Aerospace Vehicles, Department of Defense, Publication DoD 4120.15-L, 2004-05-12
  7. ↑ Global Security.org article on the T-47A
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Cessna Citation Bravo Light Business Jet Cessna Citation Bravo Light Business Jet, USA", Aerospace-Technology.com
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Cessna Press Release Recent Milestones for Cessna’s Citation Business Jet Programs July 17, 2006
  10. ↑ Citation II/SP info from Aviation Safety Network
  11. ↑ Citation S550 info from Aviation Safety Network
  12. ↑ Citation Bravo info from Aviation Safety Network
  13. ↑ Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 49.
  14. ↑ Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 57.
  15. ↑ Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 60.
  16. ↑ Hoyle Flight International 11–17 December 2012, p. 64.
  17. ↑ Lambert 1993, pp. 465–466.
  • Hoyle, Craig. "World Air Forces Directory". Flight International, Vol. 182, No. 5370, 11–17 December 2012. pp. 40–64. ISSN 0015-3710.
  • Lambert, Mark. Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1993–94. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Data Division, 1993. ISBN 0-7106-1066-1.

External links

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