Chesil Cove

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Chesil Cove at Chiswell with Chesil Beach stretching off into the distance.
Chesil Cove from West Cliff.

Chesil Cove is a cove situated at the most southerly part of the 29-kilometre (18 mi) long Chesil Beach in Dorset, England. Chesil Beach itself is one of three major shingle structures in Britain, extending from West Bay to Portland, the latter acting as a large groyne holding the beach in place. It also provides shelter from the prevailing winds and waves for the town of Weymouth and the village of Chiswell.

Shipwrecks

Chesil Beach, and the cove, have seen many cases of shipwrecks, more so than most other parts of the British coast, particularly during the age of sail.[1][2] Chesil Beach became infamously known as "Deadman's Bay", taken after the name Thomas Hardy gave West Bay, including Chesil Cove, in his novel The Well Beloved of 1892.[3]

The local fishermen, particularly at Portland, developed a purpose-built vessel to withstand the sea actions at Chesil Beach. The boat, known as a Lerret, is a double-ended open fishing boat, used for seine net fishing.[4] The 18th-century public house The Cove House Inn remains one of Portland's most popular pubs and is Grade II Listed. Despite its particularly vulnerable position on the beach, the pub was a survivor during "The Great Gale of 1824".[5]

Shipwreck list

Some of the ships wrecked at Chesil Cove include:[6][7][8]

  • John - 1669 - English cargo vessel, crew and cargo saved
  • Angel Guardian - 1681 - cargo vessel, 6,000 oranges recovered
  • Peter - 1685 - French cargo vessel, four hogsheads of French wine saved
  • De Hoop - 1749 - Dutch West Indiaman, all crew saved
  • Johanna Theresa - 22 January 1753 - Dutch craft, the captain and five men drowned
  • Biscaye - 1754 - Spanish cargo vessel
  • Fanny - 1760 - British brigantine involved in slave trade
  • Zenobie - 12 January 1762 - French privateer
  • Le Pelerin - 10 August 1784 - French craft
  • Nancy - 13 August 1793 - British brig, crew and part cargo saved
  • Peggy - 3 June 1796 - American cargo vessel, four of eleven crew saved
  • Rodney - 26 September 1799 - English brigantine vessel, all crew saved
  • Hayward - 26 September 1799 - English brigantine vessel, all crew saved
  • Concord - 26 September 1799 - English brigantine vessel, all crew saved
  • Smith - 26 September 1799 - English brigantine vessel, all crew saved
  • Endeavour - 1800 - British craft, all crew saved
  • Nancy - 24 March 1801 - British craft
  • Le Mercuria - 4 March 1818 - 500-ton French vessel, 20-30 drowned
  • Pollux - 20 October 1820 - brig, one crew lost
  • Iris - 7 November 1823 - Swedish brig, the master and three of six crew men saved
  • Wasster Norland - 26 November 1824 - Swedish sailing vessel, six of ten crew men saved
  • Leonora - 3 December 1824 - Dutch Galliot, all crew and cargo lost
  • Haabets Anker - 11 December 1828 - Norwegian brig, all crew saved
  • Atlas - 9 December 1831 - American brig, nine of eleven crew saved
  • Amyntas - 15 December 1841 - English brig, master and three crew drowned
  • Maria Johanna - April 1852 - Dutch galliot, four of crew of seven lost
  • Amalie - 1 February 1869 - German brig
  • Edwin & Sarah - 5 January 1882 - ketch
  • Sapphire - 9 August 1883 - English schooner, all crew of six saved by coastguard rocket apparatus
  • Christiana - 4 September 1883 - Norwegian barque, eight of crew of ten saved
  • Fannie C - 1 October 1890 - schooner, beached whilst on fire, 10 saved
  • Ora et Labora - 13 October 1891 - Norwegian brig
  • Ran - 1894 - Norwegian barque, six of crew of fourteen saved
  • Emma Maria - 25 October 1903 - Russian schooner
  • Patria - 26 October 1903 - Norwegian barque
  • Dorothea - 14 February 1914 - Dutch cargo steamship
  • Preveza - 15 January 1920 - Greek vessel
  • Ellida - 1920 - salvage tug
  • Madeleine Tristan - 20 September 1930 - French schooner, all crew saved

Flooding defences

The adjoining village of Chiswell was established predominately as a fishing community. Despite its vulnerability to sea storms and flooding, Chiswell continued to develop into a thriving community.[9] One of the best-documented incidents of flooding occurred in November 1824, and became infamously known as "The Great Storm of 1824". The storm saw the death of thirty residents, the destruction of eighty houses, and the damage of many others.[10] The construction of a sea wall finally commenced in 1958, and work on this scheme continued until 1965. The wall extended from the far end of Chesil Cove, at West Weares, to the location of the village's Cove House Inn.[11] A promenade was laid-out on top of the wall, and this became a popular attraction.[12]

Despite the sea wall proving a worthy defence, incidents of widespread flooding were not a thing of the past. During December 1978 and February 1979, two major storms caused further devastation to Chiswell. The flooding led to further defence installations during the 1980s.[13] During January–February 2014, violent storms across the south-west of England caused more flooding in the village, which received a lot of national and international attention.[14]

Diving

Chesil Cove is a popular site for scuba divers. It has become one of the best known shore dives in the UK.[15] The cove is a reasonably shallow shore dive, and has an interesting selection of south coast marine life, as well as an abundance of flora and fauna.[16] Although there have been many shipwrecks in the cove, few significant divable remains exist close to the beach due to its exposure to strong waves.

Fishing

Through fishing, the beach provided the main occupation for the villagers of Chiswell and the rest of the islanders. The beach is still used by sea anglers and the British record for shore-captured shore rockling was set there in 1992.[17] Recreational fishing is a popular pastime at the cove.[18]

Geology

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See also: Geology of Dorset

The Jurassic Coast stretches over a distance of 155 kilometres (96 mi), from Orcombe Point near Exmouth, in the west, to Old Harry Rocks on the Isle of Purbeck, in the east.[19] The coastal exposures along the coastline provide a continuous sequence of Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous rock formations spanning approximately 185 million years of the Earth's history. The localities along the Jurassic Coast includes a large range of important fossil zones.

See also

Media related to Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. at Wikimedia Commons

References

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