The China Navigation Company
The China Navigation Company Limited (CNCo) is a merchant shipping company based in Singapore. It is part of the Swire group, formerly John Swire and Sons.
CNCo was founded by John Samuel Swire to offer paddle steamer services on the Yangtze River.[1] By the early 1870s John Samuel Swire was convinced that there was an opening for increased steam shipping on the Yangtze River and as he was unable to interest other shipping companies, such as Alfred Holt and Company in undertaking this expansion he decided to establish a new company for this.[2] The China Navigation Company was formed in London in 1872 with a capital of £360,000 chiefly put up by John Samuel Swire and WH Swire with Alfred Holt, Rathbone's, TH Ismay, RN Dale, John Scott, T Barlow and William Imrie and T&J Harrison supplying additional money.
Contents
History
Beginnings
John Swire and Sons (JS&S) initially ordered three ships to be built for the Lower Yangtze trade and in 1873 purchased the Union Steam Navigation Company giving CNCo two ships and the leases on property in Shanghai and at other river ports. By the mid-1870s CNCo interests had spread to the Canton River trade and by the late 1870s to the Shanghai to Ningpo and Shanghai to Tientsin routes, despite periods of intense competition and rates wars as well as pool agreements with the other shipping companies on these routes. In 1883 the CBO,[clarification needed] which had been formed to handle local coastal trade was fused with the CNCo and in the 1880s and 1890s the CNCo expanded its fleet and the ports of call so that by 1894 it consisted of twenty-nine ships calling at ports along the Yangtze, down the South China coast, in the Philippines, South East Asia, Australia, Japan, Russia and the North China coast.
20th century
Despite problems in Far Eastern trade and affairs in the 20th century, including increased nationalist sentiment and anti-foreign campaigns, boycotts, piracy, staff and salary discontent, and disrupted trade routes due to China's internal civil disturbances, the CNCo fleet continued to operate up to the Second World War and, in 1940, was requisitioned by the British Government for the duration of the war. In autumn 1945 CNCo returned to Hong Kong and Shanghai and, gradually, repossessed shipping and property seized by the Japanese was restored and normal working resumed.[3]
Management
Butterfield and Swire (B&S), which was the Far Eastern trading company of JS&S, was appointed from the formation of CNCo as eastern managers. All correspondence with JS&S, the London Managers, was conducted by the offices in Hong Kong and Shanghai. Shanghai was responsible for the CNCo business on the Yangtze River and the north China coast (from Ningpo north), and Hong Kong handled the south coast and Canton trade and all the South East Asian, Australian and Philippines routes. In many ports the B&S agent acted for CNCo although in some places a separate CNCo office might be established and in the Philippines, Australia and South East Asia, where there were no B&S offices, independent agents were employed.
The company today
Today CNCo is the deep-sea shipping arm of the Swire group. CNCo’s managed cargo liner services serve over 130 ports worldwide, employing a mix of specialist owned and chartered vessels carrying container, bulk, break-bulk and project cargoes.
Current fleet
MULTI-PURPOSE VESSELS
MIHOS
CHALLENGERS
B170s
S-CLASS
CHIEF-CLASS - New Chief-Class Vessels, delivery 2015
BULK CARRIERS
- Wuchang[4]
- Wuchow[4]
- Wuhu[4]
- Wulin[4]
- Eredine[4]
- Erradale[4]
- Erisort[4]
- Eriskay[4]
- Fengning[4]
- Fengtien[4]
- Liangchow[4]
- Foochow[4]
- Linan[4]
- Funing[4]
- Lintan[4]
- Hanyang[4]
- Luchow[4]
- Hoihow[4]
- Hunan[4]
- Hupeh[4]
- Pakhoi[4]
- Pekin[4]
- Poyang[4]
- Powan[4]
Notable former vessels
- SS Anhui (3,494 GRT built 1925 was one of only three large vessels, the others being Coast Farmer and Dona Nati, to actually deliver supplies early in the Pacific war to the Philippines from Australia arriving in Cebu City on 20 March 1942. Anhui later operated under U.S. Army control as part of the Southwest Pacific Area permanent local fleet as X-6 from 4 March 1942—September or December 1945.)[5][6][7]
- MV Anshun
- MS Changsha
- SS Hanyang (2,876 GRT built 1940 was involved in early Pacific war efforts to supply the Philippines and Netherlands East Indies from Australia and later operated under U.S. Army control as part of the Southwest Pacific Area permanent local fleet as X-8 from 24 March 1942—August 1945.)[8][9]
- MV Eredine (sold)
- MV Erradale
- SS Shengking
- SS Shuntien (sunk by enemy action)
- MV Soochow (also known as Maersk Asia Decimo)
- MS Taiyuan
- SS Wang Phu
- SS Wu Chang
- MV Wulin
- SS Yochow (2,810 GRT built 1938 was involved in early Pacific war efforts to supply the Philippines and Netherlands East Indies from Australia and later operated under U.S. Army control as part of the Southwest Pacific Area permanent local fleet as X-7 from 11 April 1942—December 1945.)[10][11]
Notes
- ↑ The archives of John Swire & Sons Ltd (including the papers of the China Navigation Company Ltd) are held at the School of Oriental and African Studies, London, http://www.soas.ac.uk/library/archives/
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- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31 4.32 4.33 4.34 4.35 4.36 4.37 4.38 4.39 4.40 4.41 4.42 4.43 4.44 4.45 4.46 4.47 4.48 4.49 4.50 4.51 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lloyd's Register 1942—43, Anhui.
- ↑ Morton 1993, p. 395.
- ↑ Masterson 1949, pp. 27, 320, 324, 326, 383, 338, Appendix 30 p. 1.
- ↑ Lloyd's Register 1942—43, Hanyang.
- ↑ Masterson 1949, pp. 27, 320, 324, 326, 332, 338, Appendix 30 p. 3.
- ↑ Lloyd's Register 1942—43, Yochow.
- ↑ Masterson 1949, pp. 27, 320, 324, 326, 332, 338, 381, Appendix 30 p. 6.
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