Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai
| Chita (English) Чита (Russian) |
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.svg) Location of Zabaykalsky Krai in Russia |
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 Chita
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| Administrative status (as of January 2012) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Zabaykalsky Krai[1] |
| Administrative district | Chitinsky District[1] |
| Administrative center of | Zabaykalsky Krai,[1] Chitinsky District[1] |
| Municipal status (as of December 2009) | |
| Urban okrug | Chita Urban Okrug[2] |
| Administrative center of | Chita Urban Okrug[2] |
| Mayor[citation needed] | Anatoly Mikhalyov[citation needed] |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2010 Census) | 324,444 inhabitants[3] |
| - Rank in 2010 | 56th |
| Time zone | IRKT (UTC+08:00)[4] |
| Founded | 1653[5] |
| City status since | July 11, 1851[citation needed] |
| Postal code(s)[6] | 672000–672051 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 3022[citation needed] |
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| Chita on Wikimedia Commons | |
Chita (Russian: Чита; IPA: [tɕɪˈta]) is a city and the administrative center of Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia, located at the confluence of the Chita and Ingoda Rivers and on the Trans-Siberian Railway, 900 kilometers (560 mi) east of Irkutsk. Population: 324,444 (2010 Census);[3] 316,643 (2002 Census);[7] 365,754 (1989 Census).[8]
Contents
History
Before 1825
For several centuries before the Russians arrived, local Mongolic and Turkic tribes inhabited the Chita region, along with various Chinese traders.[citation needed]
Pyotr Beketov's Cossacks founded Chita in 1653.[5][9]
1825 to 1918
After 1825, several of the Decembrists suffered exile to Chita; thus, Chita is on occasion called the "City of Exiles". Many of the Decembrists were intellectuals and members of the middle class, and consequently their arrival had a positive effect.[citation needed]
Chita was granted town status on July 11, 1851.[citation needed]
When Richard Maack visited the city in 1855, he saw a wooden town, with one, also wooden, church. He estimated Chita's population at under 1,000, but predicted that the city would soon experience fast growth, due to the upcoming annexation of the Amur valley by Russia. [10]
By 1885, Chita's population had reached 5,728,[citation needed] and by 1897 it increased to 11,500.[9]
At the end of the 19th century, many Muslims settled in Chita, attracted by its trading potential. These Muslims were mainly of Tatar origin. They settled down near the Jewish quarter and built a mosque. Many Tatars living in Chita descend from these immigrants.[citation needed]
1918 to 1945
Chita was occupied by the Japanese between 1918 and 1920. From 1920 to 1922, Chita served as the capital of the Far Eastern Republic. From the 1930s to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Chita was a closed city. During this period, foreigners were prohibited from traveling to Chita, as were many Russians. The basis for the closing of the city was apparently its proximity to China and military installations. During World War II, a significant number of Japanese soldiers were taken as prisoners of war and put to work in the construction industry. Chita has since been famous for hosting numerous examples of Japanese-inspired architecture, especially in the city center.[citation needed]
Post-1945
In 1945, Puyi, the last Emperor of China, and some of his associates were held prisoner in the city, in a former sanatorium for officers.[11]
Administrative and municipal status
Chita is the administrative center of Zabaykalsky Krai, and, within the framework of administrative divisions, it also serves as the administrative center of Chitinsky District, to which it is also subordinated.[1] As a municipal division, the city of Chita together with one rural locality in Chitinsky District is incorporated as Chita Urban Okrug.[12]
Transportation
The Trans-Siberian Highway passes through Chita. Two sections of the highway connect in Chita: the M55 Baikal Highway, which goes from Chita to Irkutsk, and the M58 Amur Highway, which goes from Chita to Khabarovsk.[citation needed]
Chita is served by Kadala Airport, situated 15km to the west.[13]
Education
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Chita is home to several facilities of higher education:
- Transbaikal State University (formerly Chita State University)
- Chita State Academy of Medicine
Military
Chita Northwest air base is located nearby, as well as the 101st (Hub) Communications Brigade and the 53rd Material Support Regiment.[citation needed]
Sports
FC Chita is Chita's association football club.[citation needed]
Universitet Chita compete in the Professional Rugby League, the top division of rugby union in Russia.[citation needed]
SKA Zabaykalets used to play in the highest division of the Russian Bandy League.[citation needed]
An indoor arena for speed skating is planned.[14]
Climate
Chita experiences a borderline subarctic climate/humid continental climate (Köppen Dwc/Dwb) with very cold, very dry winters and warm, wet summers.
| Climate data for Chita (1982-2013) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 0.4 (32.7) |
7.4 (45.3) |
18.3 (64.9) |
26.5 (79.7) |
34.4 (93.9) |
38.8 (101.8) |
38.0 (100.4) |
40.6 (105.1) |
30.9 (87.6) |
22.7 (72.9) |
12.7 (54.9) |
3.3 (37.9) |
40.6 (105.1) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −18.3 (−0.9) |
−10.9 (12.4) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
8.1 (46.6) |
17.0 (62.6) |
23.8 (74.8) |
25.3 (77.5) |
22.6 (72.7) |
15.8 (60.4) |
6.4 (43.5) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
−16.2 (2.8) |
5.52 (41.92) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −24 (−11) |
−18.2 (−0.8) |
−8.4 (16.9) |
1.6 (34.9) |
9.8 (49.6) |
16.7 (62.1) |
19.1 (66.4) |
16.6 (61.9) |
9.4 (48.9) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−11.5 (11.3) |
−21.2 (−6.2) |
−0.81 (30.56) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −29.6 (−21.3) |
−25.6 (−14.1) |
−15.6 (3.9) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
2.6 (36.7) |
9.7 (49.5) |
12.9 (55.2) |
10.6 (51.1) |
3.1 (37.6) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−16.7 (1.9) |
−26.2 (−15.2) |
−7.09 (19.23) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −49.6 (−57.3) |
−48.0 (−54.4) |
−45.3 (−49.5) |
−29.6 (−21.3) |
−13.3 (8.1) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
0.0 (32) |
−9.2 (15.4) |
−10.7 (12.7) |
−33.1 (−27.6) |
−41.1 (−42) |
−47.8 (−54) |
−49.6 (−57.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.4 (0.094) |
2.4 (0.094) |
3.7 (0.146) |
10.7 (0.421) |
21.6 (0.85) |
54.5 (2.146) |
94.2 (3.709) |
83.7 (3.295) |
40.9 (1.61) |
10.0 (0.394) |
5.5 (0.217) |
4.2 (0.165) |
334.2 (13.157) |
| Average precipitation days | 8.5 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 6.9 | 9.8 | 9.6 | 11.5 | 11.0 | 9.3 | 5.5 | 8.7 | 11.1 | 102.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 77.1 | 71.0 | 60.4 | 46.6 | 46.3 | 54.7 | 64.7 | 67.8 | 62.6 | 59.7 | 72.0 | 78.4 | 63.4 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 144.2 | 180.6 | 244.9 | 247.5 | 269.7 | 283.5 | 263.5 | 238.7 | 217.5 | 190.6 | 138.0 | 116.3 | 2,535 |
| Source #1: climatebase.ru (1933-2011)[15] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: weatheronline (only temperature 1982-2013) | |||||||||||||
Twin towns and sister cities
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Chita is twinned with:
Ulan-Ude, Russia; from 2011[16]
Manzhouli, China; from 1999[17]
Abilene, Texas,[18] United States; from 1996
Choibalsan, Mongolia; from 1995
Chita, Japan; from 1994- Hailar District, China; from 1992
Notable people
- Yevgeni Alkhimov (born 1977), Russian professional footballer.
- Oleg Lundstrem (1916–2005), Soviet and Russian jazz composer.
- Igor Mirnov (born 1984), Russian professional ice hockey player.
- Ivan Nagibin (born 1986), Russian professional football player.
- Lev Okhotin (1911–1948), member of the Supreme Council of the Russian Fascist Party.
- Aleksandr Perfilyev (1895–1973), Russian journalist, poet and writer.
- Anastasia Pivovarova (born 1990), Russian professional tennis player.
- Boris Polevoy (1918–2002), Russian historian.
- Volodymyr Shkidchenko (born 1948), Ukrainian military, General of Army of Ukraine.
- Sergei Smirnov (born 1950), Russian security services official.
- Anatoly Sobchak (1937–2000), Russian politician.
- Vitaly Solomin (1941–2002), Soviet and Russian actor, director and screenwriter.
- Yury Solomin (born 1935), Soviet and Russian actor and director.
- Alina Stadnik (born 1991), Ukrainian female wrestler.
- Alexander Stranichkin (born 1955), Abkhazian politician.
- Lyudmila Titova (born 1946), Russian speed skater.
- Dmytro Tymchuk (born 1972), Ukrainian military expert and blogger.
- Yemelyan Yaroslavsky (1878–1943), Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician, communist party organizer.
References
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and the Inhabited Localities of Zabaykalsky Krai
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Law #316-ZZK
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ S. I. Kuznetsov and S. V. Karasov, "The Last Emperor of China: Internment in the Soviet Union", The Journal of Slavic Military Studies 18(2), 207-226 (2005). doi:10.1080/13518040590944430
- ↑ The Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and the Inhabited Localities lists one city, three urban-type settlements, and fifty-four rural localities in Chitinsky District. The city of Chita and one rural locality are listed as a part of Chita Urban Okrug in Law #316-ZZK.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&u=http://news.chita.ru/44490/&prev=search
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Zabinfo: CHITA and ULAN UDE is twin towns[dead link]
- ↑ Encyclopedia of Transbaikal Region. Twinning towns
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Sources
- Министерство территориального развития Забайкальского края. 1 января 2014 г. «Реестр административно-территориальных единиц и населённых пунктов Забайкальского края», в ред. Распоряжения №209-р от 10 июня 2014 г.. (Ministry of the Territorial Development of Zabaykalsky Krai. January 1, 2014 Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and the Inhabited Localities of Zabaykalsky Krai, as amended by the Directive #209-r of June 10, 2014. ).
- Законодательное Собрание Забайкальского края. Закон №316-ЗЗК от 18 декабря 2009 г. «О границах муниципальных районов и городских округов Забайкальского края», в ред. Закона №770-ЗЗК от 26 декабря 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Забайкальского края "О границах муниципальных районов и городских округов Забайкальского края"». Вступил в силу через десять дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Забайкальский рабочий", №239–242, 21 декабря 2009 г. (Legislative Assembly of Zabaykalsky Krai. Law #316-ZZK of December 18, 2009 On the Borders of the Municipal Districts and Urban Okrugs of Zabaykalsky Krai, as amended by the Law #770-ZZK of December 26, 2012 On Amending the Law of Zabaykalsky Krai "On the Borders of the Municipal Districts and Urban Okrugs of Zabaykalsky Krai". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the day of the official publication.).
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
External links
- Official website of Chita (Russian)
- Account of Englishman's life in Chita, 2005-2006
- Old Chita, website of local history (Russian)
- Articles with Russian-language external links
- Articles with dead external links from October 2014
- Articles containing Russian-language text
- Articles with unsourced statements from May 2010
- Articles with unsourced statements from May 2014
- Articles with unsourced statements from December 2013
- Articles with unsourced statements from December 2015
- Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014
- Articles with unsourced statements from July 2014
- Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with no article parameter
- Use mdy dates from January 2013
- Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai
- Transbaikal Oblast
- Jewish Russian and Soviet history
- 1653 establishments
