Chromosome 8 (human)
| Chromosome 8 (human) | |
|---|---|
Human chromosome 8 pair after G-banding.
One is from mother, one is from father. |
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Chromosome 8 pair in human male karyogram.
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| Features | |
| Length (bp) | 145,138,636 bp |
| Number of genes | 1,534 |
| Type | Autosome |
| Centromere position | Submetacentric[1] |
| Identifiers | |
| RefSeq | NC_000008 |
| GenBank | CM000670 |
Chromosome 8 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 8 spans about 145 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 4.5 and 5.0% of the total DNA in cells.[2]
The chromosome has two arms, 8p and 8q. The short arm, 8p, has about 45 million base pairs, about 1.5% of the genome, and includes 484 genes and 110 pseudogenes; about 8% of its genes are involved in brain development and function, and about 16% are involved in cancer. A unique feature of 8p is a big region of about 15 megabases that appears to have a high mutation rate, and which shows an immense divergence between human and chimpanzee, suggesting that its high mutation rates have contributed to the evolution of the human brain.[2]
Identifying genes on each chromosome is an active area of genetic research. Because researchers use different approaches to predict the number of genes on each chromosome, the estimated number of genes varies. Chromosome 8 is likely to contain between 700 and 1,000 genes.
Genes
The following are some of the genes located on chromosome 8:
- AEG1 : Astrocyte Elevated Gene (linked to hepatocellular carcinoma and neuroblastoma)
- ANK1: ankyrin 1, erythrocytic
- Arc/Arg3.1
- ASAH1: N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase (acid ceramidase) 1
- CHD7: chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7
- CHRNA2: cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 2 (neuronal)
- CLN8: ceroid-lipofuscinosis, neuronal 8
- CNGB3: cyclic nucleotide gated channel beta 3
- CYP11B1: cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 1
- CYP11B2: cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2
- DPYS: dihydropyrimidinase
- COH1
- ESCO2: establishment of sister chromatid cohesion N-acetyltransferase 2
- EXT1: exostosin glycosyltransferase 1
- EYA1: EYA transcriptional coactivator and phosphatase 1
- FAM83H: family with sequence similarity 83, member H
- FGFR1: fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (fms-related tyrosine kinase 2, Pfeiffer syndrome)
- GDAP1: ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1
- GDF6: growth differentiation factor 6
- HGSNAT: heparan-alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase
- KCNQ3: potassium channel, voltage gated KQT-like subfamily Q, member 3.
- KIAA0196: KIAA0196
- LPL: lipoprotein lipase
- MCPH1: microcephaly, primary autosomal recessive 1
- NBN: nibrin
- NDRG1: N-myc downstream regulated gene 1
- NEF3: neurofilament 3 (150kDa medium)
- NEFL: neurofilament, light polypeptide 68kDa
- PDP1: pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1
- PLEC: plectin
- RECQL4: RecQ protein-like 4
- RUNX1T1: runt-related transcription factor 1; translocated to, 1 (cyclin D-related)
- SFTPC: surfactant protein C
- SLC20A2: Sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 2
- SLURP1: secreted LY6/PLAUR domain containing 1
- SNAI2: snail homolog 2 (Drosophila)
- TG: thyroglobulin
- THAP1: THAP domain containing, apoptosis associated protein 1
- TNFRSF11B: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11b
- TPA: tissue plasminogen activator
- TRPS1: trichorhinophalangeal syndrome I
- VMAT1: vesicular monoamine transporter protein
- VPS13B: vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog B (yeast)
- WRN: Werner syndrome
- GULOP pseudogene: responsible for human inability to produce Vitamin C
Diseases & disorders
The following diseases and disorders are some of those related to genes on chromosome 8:
- 8p23.1 duplication syndrome
- Burkitt's lymphoma
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 2
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 4
- Cleft lip and palate
- Cohen syndrome
- Congenital hypothyroidism
- Fahr's syndrome
- Hereditary Multiple Exostoses
- Lipoprotein lipase deficiency, familial
- Pfeiffer syndrome
- Primary microcephaly
- Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, or poikiloderma congenitale
- Schizophrenia, associated with 8p21-22 locus[3][4][5]
- Waardenburg syndrome
- Werner syndrome
- Pingelapese blindness
- Langer-Giedion syndrome
- Roberts Syndrome
References
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