Comparison of DOS operating systems
From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
This article details various versions of DOS-compatible operating systems.
Contents
Historical and licensing information
Originally MS-DOS was designed to be an operating system that could run on any computer with a 8086-family microprocessor. It competed with other operating systems written for such computers, such as CP/M-86 and UCSD Pascal. Each computer would have its own distinct hardware and its own version of MS-DOS, a situation similar to the one that existed for CP/M, with MS-DOS emulating the same solution as CP/M to adapt for different hardware platforms. So there were many different original equipment manufacturer (OEM) versions of MS-DOS for different hardware. But the greater speed attainable by direct control of hardware was of particular importance, especially when running computer games. So very soon an IBM-compatible architecture became the goal, and before long all 8086-family computers closely emulated IBM hardware, and only a single version of MS-DOS for a fixed hardware platform was all that was needed for the market. This specific version of MS-DOS is the version that is discussed here, as all other versions of MS-DOS died out with their respective systems. One version of such a generic MS-DOS (Z-DOS) is mentioned here, but there were dozens more. All these were for personal computers that used an 8086-family microprocessor, but which were not IBM PC compatible.
| Name | Creator | Current code owner-maintainer | License | First public release date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 86-DOS 0.42 | Seattle Computer Products | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1981-02-25 |
| 86-DOS 1.0 | Seattle Computer Products | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1981-04-28 |
| PC DOS 1.0 | IBM | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1981-08-12 |
| PC DOS 1.1 | IBM | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1982-05-?? |
| PC DOS 2.0 | IBM | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1983-03-?? |
| PC DOS 2.1 | IBM | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1983-10-?? |
| PC DOS 3.0 | IBM | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1984-08-?? |
| PC DOS 3.1 | IBM | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1985 |
| PC DOS 3.2 | IBM | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1986 |
| PC DOS 3.3 | IBM | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1987 |
| IBM DOS 4.0 (called PC DOS 4.0) | IBM | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1988 |
| IBM DOS 5.0 (called PC DOS 5.0) | IBM | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1991 |
| PC DOS 6.1, PC DOS 6.3 | IBM | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1993 |
| PC DOS 7.0 (revision 0) | IBM | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1995 |
| PC DOS 2000 (PC DOS 7.0 revision 1) |
IBM | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1998 |
| PC DOS 7.10 | IBM | IBM | Proprietary | 2003 |
| MS-DOS 1.25[1] | Microsoft | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1982 |
| Z-DOS 1.25 | OEM Zenith | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1982-05-?? |
| MS-DOS 2.0 (first version with name of "MS-DOS") | Microsoft | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1983-03-?? |
| MS-DOS 2.11 | Microsoft | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1983-12-?? |
| MS-DOS 3.0 | Microsoft | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1984 |
| MS-DOS 3.1 | Microsoft | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1984 |
| MS-DOS 3.2 | Microsoft | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1986 |
| MS-DOS 3.3 | Microsoft | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1987 |
| MS-DOS 4.0 | Microsoft | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1988 |
| MS-DOS 5.0 | Microsoft | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1991 |
| MS-DOS 6.0 | Microsoft | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1993 |
| MS-DOS 6.20 | Microsoft | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1993 |
| MS-DOS 6.21 | Microsoft | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1994 |
| MS-DOS 6.22 | Microsoft | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1994 |
| MS-DOS 7.0 (Windows 95A) | Microsoft | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1995 |
| MS-DOS 7.10 (Windows 95 OSR 2, Windows 95 OSR 2.5, Windows 98, and Windows 98 SE) |
Microsoft | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1996 |
| MS-DOS 8.0 (Windows Me and later Windows versions)[2] | Microsoft | Microsoft Windows[3] | Proprietary | 2000 |
| DOS Plus 1.2 & 1.2a | Digital Research | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1985 |
| DOS Plus 2.1 | Digital Research | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1986 |
| DR DOS 3.31-3.35 | Digital Research | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1988 |
| DR DOS 3.40-3.41 | Digital Research | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1989 |
| DR DOS 5.0 | Digital Research | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1990 |
| DR DOS 6.0 | Digital Research | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1991 |
| Novell DOS 7 | Novell | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1993 |
| Caldera OpenDOS 7.01 | Caldera, Inc.; Caldera UK, Ltd. | Not officially supported; A derivative, Enhanced DR-DOS, is maintained by Udo Kuhnt |
Free non-commercial use | 1997 |
| Caldera DR-OpenDOS 7.02 | Caldera, Inc.; Caldera UK, Ltd. | No longer supported | Free non-commercial use | 1997 |
| Caldera DR-DOS 7.02 | Caldera, Inc.; Caldera UK, Ltd. | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1998 |
| Caldera DR-DOS 7.03 | Caldera Thin Clients, Inc.; Caldera UK, Ltd; Lineo, Inc. |
DRDOS, Inc. | Proprietary | 1999 (pre-released in 1998) |
| DR-DOS 8.0 | DeviceLogics | No longer supported | Proprietary | 2004 |
| DR-DOS 8.1 | DRDOS, Inc. | No longer supported[4] | Proprietary | 2005 |
| FreeDOS 1.0 | Jim Hall et al. | The FreeDOS Project | GPL | 2006 |
| FreeDOS 1.1 | Jim Hall et al. | The FreeDOS Project | GPL | 2012-01-02 |
| PTS-DOS 32 | PhysTechSoft[5] | PhysTechSoft | Proprietary | 1991 |
| PTS-DOS 2000 | PhysTechSoft | PhysTechSoft | Proprietary | ? |
| PTS-DOS 2000 PRO | PhysTechSoft | PhysTechSoft | Proprietary | ? |
| ROM-DOS | Datalight | Datalight | Proprietary | 1989 |
| DIP DOS 2.11 | Atari Corporation | No longer supported | Proprietary | 1989 |
Technical specifications
| Name | Hard drive: partition size max | Native support: File systems |
Native support: floppy capacities 3.5" |
Native support: floppy capacities 5.25" |
Native support: floppy capacities 8.0" |
Integrated disk compression utility | Native support: long file names |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 86-DOS 0.42-1.0 | n/a | FAT12; (CP/M 2 through RDCPM) |
n/a | NorthStar 87.5 KB; Cromemco 90 KB | Cromemco/Tarbell 250.25 KB; Tarbell 616 KB; Tarbell 1232 KB[6] | No | No |
| MS-DOS 1.25 | n/a | FAT12 | n/a | 160 KB; 320 KB | 250.25 KB[7] | No | No |
| MS-DOS 2.0-2.11 | 16 MB[citation needed] | FAT12 | n/a | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB | 250.25 KB;[7][8][9] 500.5 KB;[7][8][9] 616 KB;[8][9] 1232 KB[7][8][9] | No | No |
| MS-DOS 3.0 | 32 MB | FAT12, FAT16 | n/a | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | No | No |
| MS-DOS 3.1 | 32 MB | FAT12, FAT16 | n/a | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | No | No |
| MS-DOS 3.2 | 32 MB | FAT12, FAT16 | 720 KB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | No | No |
| MS-DOS 3.3 | 32 MB | FAT12, FAT16 | 720 KB; 1.44 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | No | No |
| MS-DOS 4.0 | 2 GB | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B | 720 KB; 1.44 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | No | No |
| MS-DOS 5.0 | 2 GB | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B | 720 KB, 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | No | No |
| MS-DOS 6.0 | 2 GB | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | DoubleSpace | No |
| MS-DOS 6.20 | 2 GB | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | DoubleSpace | No |
| MS-DOS 6.21 | 2 GB | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | No | No |
| MS-DOS 6.22 | 2 GB | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | DriveSpace | No |
| MS-DOS 7.0 (Windows 95A) | 2 GB | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | DriveSpace | No |
| MS-DOS 7.1 (Windows 95B/OSR2, Windows 95C/OSR2.5, Windows 98, and Windows 98SE) | 124.55 GB with FAT32[10] | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B, FAT32 | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | DriveSpace for versions of Windows 95, none for Windows 98 | No |
| MS-DOS 8.0 (Windows Me and later Windows versions)[2] | 124.55 GB with FAT32[10] | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B, FAT32 | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | No | No |
| PC DOS 1.0 | n/a | FAT12 | n/a | 160 KB | n/a | No | No |
| PC DOS 1.1 | n/a | FAT12 | n/a | 160 KB; 320 KB (double-sided) | n/a | No | No |
| PC DOS 2.0-2.1 | 16 MB | FAT12 | n/a | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB | n/a | No | No |
| PC DOS 3.0 | 32 MB | FAT12, FAT16 | n/a | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | No | No |
| PC DOS 3.1 | 32 MB | FAT12, FAT16 | n/a | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | No | No |
| PC DOS 3.2 | 32 MB | FAT12, FAT16 | 720 KB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | No | No |
| PC DOS 3.3 | 32 MB | FAT12, FAT16 | 720 KB; 1.44 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | No | No |
| PC DOS 4.0 | 2 GB | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B | 720 KB; 1.44 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | No | No |
| PC DOS 5.0 | 2 GB | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B | 720 KB, 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | No | No |
| PC DOS 6.1 (early version) | 2 GB | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | No | No |
| PC DOS 6.1 with Compression / PC DOS 6.3 | 2 GB | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | SuperStor | No |
| PC DOS 7.0 / PC DOS 2000 | 2 GB | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 1.86 MB (XDF), 2.88 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB, 1.54 MB (XDF) | n/a | Stacker | No |
| PC DOS 7.10 | ? | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B, FAT32 | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 1.86 MB (XDF), 2.88 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB, 1.54 MB (XDF) | n/a | Stacker (not on FAT32) | No |
| DOS Plus 1.2-2.1 | 32 MB | FAT12, FAT16, CP/M-86 | Apricot 315 KB;[11] (720 KB[12]) | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB; Acorn 640 KB; Acorn 800 KB;[13] CP/M 320 KB | n/a | No | No |
| DR DOS 3.31-3.35 | 2 GB[citation needed] | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B | 720 KB; 1.44 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | No | No |
| DR DOS 3.40-3.41 | 2 GB | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B | 720 KB; 1.44 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | (250.25 KB[14]) | No | No |
| DR DOS 5.0 | 2 GB | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B | 720 KB; 1.44 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | (250.25 KB[14]) | No | No |
| DR DOS 6.0 | 2 GB | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | (250.25 KB[14]) | SuperStor | No |
| PalmDOS 1 | 2 GB | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | (250.25 KB[14]) | SuperStor | No |
| Novell DOS 7 | 2 GB | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | (250.25 KB[14]) | Stacker | No |
| OpenDOS 7.01 | 2 GB | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | (250.25 KB[14]) | Stacker | No |
| DR-OpenDOS 7.02 | 2 GB | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | (250.25 KB[14]) | Stacker | No |
| DR-DOS 7.02 | 2 GB | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B, (FAT32 in FDISK only) | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | (250.25 KB[14]) | Stacker | Partial (COMMAND.COM and LONGNAME only) |
| DR-DOS 7.03 | 2 GB | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B, (FAT32 in FDISK only) | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | (250.25 KB[14]) | Stacker | Partial (COMMAND.COM and LONGNAME only) |
| DR-DOS 7.04-7.05 | ? | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B, FAT32 (non-bootable) | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | (250.25 KB[14]) | Stacker (not on FAT32) | Partial (COMMAND.COM and LONGNAME only) |
| DR-DOS 7.06-7.07 | ? | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B, FAT32 (bootable) | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | (250.25 KB[14]) | Stacker (not on FAT32) | Partial (COMMAND.COM and LONGNAME only) |
| DR-DOS 8.0 | ? | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B, FAT32 | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 160 KB; 180 KB; 320 KB; 360 KB; 1.2 MB | (250.25 KB[14]) | Supported (not on FAT32) | Partial (COMMAND.COM only) |
| DR-DOS 8.1 | ? | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B, FAT32 | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | No | No |
| FreeDOS 1.0 | 2 TB[citation needed] | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B, FAT32 | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | ? | No |
| FreeDOS 1.1 | 2 TB[citation needed] | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B, FAT32 | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | No | Yes |
| PTS-DOS 32 | ? | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B, FAT32 | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | No | No |
| PTS-DOS 2000 | ? | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B, FAT32 | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | No | No |
| PTS-DOS 2000 PRO | ? | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B, FAT32 | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | No | No |
| Datalight ROM-DOS | ? | FAT12, FAT16, FAT16B, FAT32 | 720 KB; 1.44 MB, 2.88 MB | 360 KB; 1.2 MB | n/a | No | Yes |
| DIP DOS | n/a | FAT12 | n/a | n/a | n/a | No | No |
See also
- Timeline of DOS operating systems
- List of operating systems
- Comparison of Linux distributions
- Comparison of operating systems
References
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 MS-DOS 8.0 has most of the functionality of prior versions, but with significant losses of usability, e.g., the loss of
FORMAT /Scommand, that can be substituted by formatting HDD/FDD and then copying IO.SYS from CD-ROM boot A: image, as first ever file onto drive; loss ofSYS A:(orSYS B:) command for floppies, that can be substituted too in the same way asFORMAT /S; inability to boot to a command prompt without substitution/modification of IO.SYS (other than CD-ROM boot version) and COMMAND.COM. For purpose of booting from C: drive, an unmodified IO.SYS from simulated A: boot diskette image, that is placed on Windows Me OEM CD-ROM, from which that CD boots, can be used, and English COMMAND.COM can be modified by replacing in this file at hex offset 00006510h byte 75h by byte EBh, or substituted by (now Freeware) 4DOS http://www.jpsoft.com/download.htm - ↑ While Windows Me may be unsupported and end-of-life, a version of its underlying DOS is included with Windows XP. When one formats a floppy in Windows XP and selects "Create an MS-DOS startup disk", the floppy is formatted with a DOS version that identifies itself as "Windows Millennium Version 4.90.3000".
- ↑ DR-DOS 8.1 was pulled from the market after it was discovered that 8.1 code had been lifted from FreeDOS in violation of the GPL license.
- ↑ PhysTechSoft
- ↑ http://www.86dos.org/downloads/86DOS_FILES.ZIP, A ZIP file containing most of the files from 86-DOS 0.75 (1981-04-18) to 1.00 (1981-07-21)
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Ray Duncan (1988). The MS-DOS Encyclopedia - version 1.0 through 3.2. Microsoft Press. ISBN 1-55615-049-0.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Xerox (1983-11). Xerox 16/8 Professional Computer - MS-DOS OS Handbook for 8" Floppy Disks. 1983-11, MS-DOS 2.0 ([1])
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 As stated at http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=KB;EN-US;Q184006& Microsoft's KB article 184006, the limit of 124.55 GB for FAT32 partition size is a mainly a limit of Windows 95/98's 16-bit SCANDISK utility. Other DOS versions supporting FAT32 may allow a larger partition size closer to the theoretical 2 TB/16 TB maximum suggested by FAT32's specifications. Windows 2000 and XP can mount and use a FAT32 partition larger than 32 GB, but they cannot natively create one, which according to Microsoft is by design.
- ↑ DOS Plus 2.1e/g versions for the Apricot ACT series and for the T.R.A.N. Yasmin Turbo support a non-standard single-sided 315 KB FAT12 format.
- ↑ DOS Plus DISK.CMD versions for the Amstrad PC1512 and T.R.A.N. Yasmin Turbo and the BBC Master 512 support variants of 720 KB FAT12 formats including the original MS-DOS/PC DOS format, however known versions of DOS Plus itself don't make use of them.
- ↑ DOS Plus for the BBC Master 512 supports two non-standard FAT12 formats with 640 KB and 800 KB.
- ↑ 14.00 14.01 14.02 14.03 14.04 14.05 14.06 14.07 14.08 14.09 14.10 14.11 The DR DOS 3.41-8.0 BIOS (DRBIOS.SYS aka IBMBIO.COM) has a profile for an undocumented 250.25 KB (aka "243 KB") logical format with a non-standard media descriptor of E5h. DR DOS 3.31 does not support this format. The format is similar, but not identical to the two 250.25 KB formats with FAT IDs FDh and FEh supported by MS-DOS 1.25/2.x.
