Conrad Russell, 5th Earl Russell

For his cousin, the English letter writer (1878–1947), see Conrad Russell (letter writer).

The Right Honourable The Earl Russell
File:Lord Russell, LibDem Conference Brighton Sept 2003.jpg Lord Russell at the Liberal Democrat Federal Conference in Brighton, September 2003
Member of the House of Lords Lord Temporal
In office 17 December 1987 – 11 November 1999 as a hereditary peer
Preceded by	The 4th Earl Russell
Succeeded by	Seat abolished
In office 11 November 1999 – 14 October 2004 as an elected hereditary peer
Preceded by	Seat created
Succeeded by	The 10th Earl of Glasgow
Personal details
Born	(1937-04-15)15 April 1937 Harting, West Sussex, England, UK
Died	London (Park Royal), England, UK
Nationality	British
Spouse(s)	Elizabeth Sanders (m. 1962; d. 2003)
Parents	Bertrand Russell Patricia Spence
Alma mater	Oxford University
Occupation	Politician, historian
Profession	Academic

Conrad Sebastian Robert Russell, 5th Earl Russell, FBA (15 April 1937 – 14 October 2004), was a British historian and politician. His parents were the philosopher and mathematician Bertrand Russell and his third wife Patricia Russell. He was also a great-grandson of the 19th century British Whig Prime Minister Lord John Russell. He succeeded to the earldom on the death of his half-brother, John Russell, on 16 December 1987. Both sons were named after their father's great friend Joseph Conrad, who was also the 4th Earl's godfather.

Educated at Eton (King's Scholar) and Merton College, Oxford, Conrad Russell was an academic historian working on 17th century British history, having extensively written and lectured on parliamentary struggles of the period. Russell was also a passionate advocate of liberalism, from a long family line of distinguished liberals.

After his death from complications of emphysema, Russell was succeeded as Earl by his elder son, Nicholas, who died in 2014 and was succeeded as Earl by his brother, John, who is also a politician.

Academic career

Russell was a revisionist historian working on the origins of the English Civil War and critical of older Whig and Marxist interpretations. His major works include Crisis of Parliaments: English history 1509–1660 (1971), Origins of the English Civil War (edited, 1973), Parliaments and English politics, 1621–1629 (1979), Unrevolutionary England, 1603–1642 (1990), and Fall of the British monarchies, 1637–1642 (1991). His work on early Stuart Parliaments was profoundly influenced by the work of Alan Everitt, who had argued that the English gentry were preoccupied with defending their positions in the localities rather than responding to the demands of the Crown. This no longer seems entirely plausible in the light of the work done by Richard Cust, Clive Holmes, Peter Lake and Christopher Thompson. Russell argued that the Civil War was much less a result of long term constitutional conflicts than had previously been thought, e.g. by Lawrence Stone and Christopher Hill, and that its origins are to be sought rather in the years immediately preceding the outbreak of war in 1642 and in the context of the problems of the multiple kingdoms of the British Isles, a hypothesis for which he was indebted to the pioneering study of Helmut Koenigsberger. This area is still being explored by historians like John Adamson and David Scott even if their detailed conclusions vary from those reached by Russell.

He was Lecturer (and later Reader) in History at Bedford College, University of London (now part of Royal Holloway), 1960–1979; Professor of History at Yale University, USA, 1979–1984; Astor Professor of British History at University College London, 1984–1990; and Professor of British History at King's College London from 1990 to his retirement in 2003. Russell's expectation that he would succeed Michael Howard as Regius Professor of History at the University of Oxford was unfulfilled, partly because of doubts long-held in the university about his scholarship and partly because his political partisanship made him unacceptable for such a prestigious post.

Political career

As a young man, Russell's political allegiance varied between the Labour Party and the then weak Liberal Party. He stood as the Labour candidate in Paddington South in the 1966 general election, but failed to win the seat from the Conservatives.

He succeeded to the title of Earl Russell on the death of his half-brother, John Russell, in 1987. He was the first parliamentarian to take his seat as a Liberal Democrat, shortly after the party was formed in 1988 from a merger of the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party.

In 1999, all but 92 hereditary peers were removed from the House of Lords. Lord Russell was elected at the top of his party's list of hereditary peers to retain their seats, though he had consistently argued in favour of abolishing the Lords completely, and replacing it with an elected senate. He was admired in the House for his fund of historical anecdotes and dry sense of humour.

He was vice-president of the Liberal Democrat Youth and Students 1993–1994 and honorary president of the Liberal Democrat History Group 1998–2004. In 1988 he became Co-Chairman (later President) of the Council for Academic Autonomy, a group of university academics promoting the principles of academic freedom and the independence of universities from state and commercial control, and was instrumental in a crucial amendment to the Education Reform Act of 1988.

Death

Russell's health worsened in the late 1990s and he died of respiratory failure at Central Middlesex Hospital in 2004. Russell was predeceased by his wife in 2003.

Published books

• The Crisis of Parliaments: English History 1509–1660 (1971)
• The Origins of the English Civil War (1973)
• Parliaments and English Politics, 1621–1629 (1979)
• Unrevolutionary England:1603-1642 (1990)
• The Causes of the English Civil War (1990)
• The Fall of the British Monarchies, 1637–1642 (1991)
• Academic Freedom (1993)
• An Intelligent Person's Guide to Liberalism (1999)

In his book Academic Freedom, Russell examines the ideal and the limits of academic freedom, and the relations between the university and the state. He notes (p. 24) that his father's career is a reminder that a free society is not a guarantee against losing an academic job for holding very unpopular opinions on non-academic subjects, as Bertrand Russell in fact did twice.

Sources

• (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

External links

• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Earl Russell
• biog - Conrad Russell

Peerage of the United Kingdom
Preceded by John Russell	Earl Russell 1987–2004 Member of the House of Lords (1987–1999)	Succeeded by Nicholas Russell
Parliament of the United Kingdom
New office created by the House of Lords Act 1999	Elected hereditary peer to the House of Lords under of the House of Lords Act 1999 1999–2004	Succeeded by The Earl of Glasgow