Coracobrachialis muscle

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Coracobrachialis muscle
File:Coracobrachialis.png
Deep muscles of the chest and front of the arm, with the boundaries of the axilla. Coracobrachialis is shown in blue.
File:Coracobrachialis muscle05.png
Position of coracobrachialis muscle (shown in red).
Details
Latin musculus coracobrachialis
Origin Coracoid process of scapula
Insertion Medial humerus
Brachial artery
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, and C7)
Actions adducts humerus , flexes the arm at glenohumeral joint
Identifiers
Dorlands
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FMA {{#property:P1402}}
Anatomical terms of muscle
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The coracobrachialis is the smallest of the three muscles that attach to the coracoid process of the scapula. (The other two muscles are pectoralis minor and the short head of the biceps brachii.) It is situated at the upper and medial part of the arm.

Structure

It arises from the apex of the coracoid process, in common with the short head of the biceps brachii, and from the intermuscular septum between the two muscles.

It is inserted by means of a flat tendon into an impression at the middle of the medial surface and border of the body of the humerus (shaft of the humerus) between the origins of the triceps brachii and brachialis.

Innervation

It is perforated by and innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve. which arises from the anterior division of the upper (C5, C6) & middle trunks (C7) of the brachial plexus.

Development

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Variation

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Function

The action of the coracobrachialis is to flex and adduct the arm at the glenohumural joint. Also, the coracobrachialis resists deviation of the arm from the frontal plane during abduction.[1] Therefore, the contraction of the coracobrachialis leads to two distinct movements at the shoulder joint. It both draws the humerus forward, causing shoulder flexion, and draws the humerus toward the torso, causing shoulder adduction. To a smaller extent, it also turns the humerus inwards, causing inward rotation.[2] Another important function of the coracobrachialis is the stabilization of the humeral head within the shoulder joint, especially when the arm is hanging freely at a person’s side.[3]

Clinical significance

The overuse of the coracobrachialis can lead to stiffening of the muscle. Common causes of injury include chest workouts or activities that require to press the arm very tight towards the body, e.g. work on the rings in gymnastics.[4] Symptoms of overuse or injury are pain in the arm and shoulder, radiating down to the back of the hand. In more severe cases, the musculocutaneous nerve can get trapped, causing disturbances in sensation to the skin on the radial part of the forearm and weakened flexion of the elbow, as the nerve also supplies the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles.[5] Actual rupture to the coracobrachialis muscle is extremely rare. Very few case reports exist in the literature, and it is reported to be caused by direct trauma to the contracted muscle. Avulsion of the muscle's origin from the coracoid as a result of indirect forces is even more unusual.[6]

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

  1. ↑ Saladin, Kenneth S. "The Muscular System." Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2012. 346. Print.
  2. ↑ "Coracobrachialis Muscle." Anatomy, Function and Pathology. KenHub.
  3. ↑ "Coracobrachialis Muscle." Anatomy, Function and Pathology. KenHub.
  4. ↑ "Coracobrachialis Muscle And Pain" paintopia.com
  5. ↑ "Coracobrachialis Muscle." Anatomy, Function and Pathology. KenHub
  6. ↑ Iannotti, Joseph P. and Gerald R. Williams. Disorders of the Shoulder: Diagnosis & Management, Volume 1 Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2007. 271–73. Print.

Additional images

  • Coracobrachialis muscle - animation01.gif

    Position of coracobrachialis muscle (shown in red). Animation.

  • Coracobrachialis muscle - animation05.gif

    Close up. Seen from below. Ribs are not shown.

  • Coracobrachialis muscle07.png

    Still image. Lateral view.

  • Front of right upper extremity. (Coracobrachialis labeled at right, fourth from the bottom.)

  • Left scapula. Costal surface.

  • Left humerus. Anterior view.

  • The right brachial plexus (infraclavicular portion) in the axillary fossa; viewed from below and in front.

  • The axillary artery and its branches.

  • The brachial artery.

  • The veins of the right axilla, viewed from in front.

  • Nerves of the left upper extremity.

  • Slide7n.JPG

    Coracobrachialis muscle (shown in green text)

  • Slide5B.JPG

    Coracobrachialis muscle (shown in green text). Horizontal section of arm.

  • Slide1HHH.JPG

    Coracobrachialis muscle (shown in green text)

  • Slide1JJJ.JPG

    Coracobrachialis muscle (shown in green text)

  • Slide3OOO.JPG

    Coracobrachialis muscle (shown in green text)

References

External links

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