Countess Palatine Margaret of Mosbach

Countess Palatine Margaret of Mosbach
File:Margarethe von Pfalz-Mosbach.jpg Margaret in prayer, detail of the altarpiece at Wörth am Main. This image was painted some 30 years after her death, it may not be particularly accurate.
Spouse(s)	Reinhard III, Count of Hanau
Noble family	House of Wittelsbach
Father	Otto I, Count Palatine of Mosbach
Mother	Johanna of Bavaria-Landshut
Born	(1432-03-02)2 March 1432
Died
Buried	St. Mary's church in Hanau

Countess Palatine Margaret of Mosbach (2 March 1432 – 14 September 1457) was the eldest daughter of Count Palatine Otto I of Mosbach and his wife, Johanna of Bavaria-Landshut. She married on 11 July 1446 to Count Reinhard III of Hanau, who succeeded his father as ruling Count in 1451.

Rôle in the division of the county

Context of the division

At the time of his accession Philip the Younger was only four years old. This situation presented the Hanau family with a dilemma:

• They could obey the primogeniture rule, which had been observed in Hanau since 1375. This would mean hoping that Philip the younger would live to an adult age, marry and have children, who would continue the dynasty. This would have the advantage that all of the family's possessions would remain in a single hand. It would entail the risk that the dynasty might die out, if Philip the Younger were to die without a male heir.
• Alternatively, the famlity could ignore the primogenture decision and allowed the next agnate, Philip the Elder, to marry. This would have the advantage of significantly increasing the probability that the dynasty continued to exist, but the disadvantage that the county would have to be divided. This model also called for urgent action, as Philip the Elder was almost 40 years old, which was considered quite an advanced age in the 15th century. However, in this model, he would have to have his own territory, because a mere apanage, that is, a financial arrangement without sovereignty, as was practiced in early modern times, was still unthinkable in the 15th century.

Debating the division

In this debate, Margaret favoured the primogeniture solution, in which her son would inherit the whole county. Her father supported her. Catherine of Nassau-Beilstein, her mother-in-law, supported a division, as she wanted the dynasty to continue, but was indifferent s to whether this would happen via her grandson Philip the Younger or via her younger son Philip the Elder. She knew that Philip the Elder was capable of having a son (he already had an illegitimate son at that time) and she didn't want to be the continued existence of the dynasty on her four your old grandson. She managed to convince most of her relatives, and some or the more important organizations among the county's subjects, including the four cities pf Hanau, Windecken, Babenhausen and Steinau, as well as her grandson's vassals.

Nevertheless, Margaret had her way. Catherine couldn't implement her plan until after Margaret died in 1457. In January 1458, a fmily pact was sealed, in which Philip the Elder received the parts of the county south of the river Main, i.e. the districts of Babenhausen and Schaafheim and Hanau's share of Umstadt. The pact also gave Philip the Elder permission to marry, which he did later that year.

Death

Catherine died in 1457 and was buried in the church of St. Mary in Hanau.

Painting

The image at the top of this article is a detail from an altar piece in the church of St. Mary in Hanau. This altar piece was commissioned by her son, Philip the Younger, for the souls of his parents, and was painted c. 1485/1490. Since it was painted some 30 years after her death, it would be reasonable to assume that it may not have been a very accurate portrait.

Issue

Reinhard III and Margaret had two children:

1. Philip I the Younger (1449-1500);
2. Margaret (1452 – 14 March 1467), betrothed to Philip of Eppstein, died before they could marry.

References

• Reinhard Dietrich: Die Landesverfassung in dem Hanauischen, in the series Hanauer Geschichtsblätter, vol. 34, Hanau, 1996, ISBN 3-9801933-6-5
• Reinhard Dietrich: Die Abdankung Ulrichs V. von Hanau — Ursachen und Folgen, in: Hanauer Geschichtsblätter, vol. 31, Hanau 1993
• Fried Lübecke: Hanau. Stadt und Grafschaft, Cologne, 1951, p. 95 ff
• Reinhard Suchier: Genealogie des Hanauer Grafenhauses. In: Festschrift des Hanauer Geschichtsvereins zu seiner fünfzigjährigen Jubelfeier am 27. August 1894, Hanau, 189.
• Günther Wüst: Pfalz-Mosbach (1410-1499). Geschichte einer pfälzischen Seitenlinie des 15. Jahrhunderts unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Territorialpolitik., thesis, Heidelberg, 1976
• Ernst J. Zimmermann: Hanau Stadt und Land, 3rd ed., Hanau, 1919, reprinted: 1978