Alençon

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Alençon
Alençoun  (Norman)
Prefecture and commune
Town hall
Town hall
Coat of arms of Alençon
Coat of arms
Country France
Region Normandy
Department Orne
Arrondissement Alençon
Canton Alençon-1 and 2
Intercommunality Alençon
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2026) Joachim Pueyo
Area1 10.68 km2 (4.12 sq mi)
Population (Jan. 2018)2 Lua error in Module:Wd at line 405: invalid escape sequence near '"^'.
INSEE/Postal code 61001 / 61000
Elevation 127–152 m (417–499 ft)
(avg. 135 m or 443 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. 2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Alençon (UK /æˈlɒ̃sɒ̃/, US /ˌælɒ̃ˈsn/, French: [alɑ̃sɔ̃]; Norman: Alençoun) is a commune in Normandy, France, capital of the Orne department. It is situated 173 kilometres (107 mi) west of Paris. Alençon belongs to the intercommunality of Alençon (with 52,000 people).

History

The name of Alençon is first recorded in a document dated in the seventh century. During the tenth century, Alençon was a buffer state between Normandy and the Maine regions.

In 1049–1051, William Duke of Normandy, later known as William the Conqueror and king of England, laid siege to the town, which had risen in support of the Count of Anjou along with two other towns of the Bellême estates, Domfront (then in Maine) and Bellême (held directly from King Henry I of France). According to Duke William's chaplain and panegyrist, William of Poitiers, the defenders of the fortress refused to surrender and mockingly waved animal hides from the castle walls, referencing William's lineage as the grandson of a tanner. In response to this, William had 32 prisoners of the town's hands and feet cut off, prompting a sudden surrender. Upon hearing of this event, the town of Domfront also surrendered.[1][2]

Alençon was occupied by the English during the Anglo-Norman wars of 1113 to 1203.

The city became the seat of a dukedom in 1415, belonging to the sons of the King of France until the French Revolution, and some of them played important roles in French history: see Duke of Alençon. The French Revolution caused relatively little disorder in this area although there were some royalist uprisings nearby.

A long-standing local fabric industry gave birth to the town's famous point d’Alençon lace in the 18th century. The economic development of the nineteenth century was based on iron foundries and mills in the surrounding region. In the first half of the twentieth century the city developed a flourishing printing industry.

Alençon was home to Sts. Louis Martin and Marie-Azélie Guérin,[3][4] the parents of St. Thérèse of Lisieux.[5] They were the first spouses in the history of the Catholic Church to be proposed for sainthood as a couple, in 2008. Zélie and Louis were married at the Basilica[6] of Notre-Dame in Alençon on 13 July 1858 and spent their whole married life in Alençon, where Thérèse was born[7] in January 1873 and spent her early childhood until the death of her mother in 1877. [1]

On 17 June 1940 the German Army took occupation of Alençon. On 12 August 1944 Alençon was the first French city to be liberated by the French Army under General Leclerc, after minor bomb damage.

After the war the population sharply increased and new industries settled. Many of these were related to plastics and the town is now a major plastics educational centre.

Climate

Climate data for Alençon (1981–2010 averages)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 17.7
(63.9)
19.0
(66.2)
22.4
(72.3)
28.9
(84)
31.0
(87.8)
35.5
(95.9)
39.0
(102.2)
38.5
(101.3)
34.2
(93.6)
28.4
(83.1)
21.0
(69.8)
16.5
(61.7)
39.0
(102.2)
Average high °C (°F) 7.0
(44.6)
8.1
(46.6)
11.6
(52.9)
14.4
(57.9)
18.1
(64.6)
21.5
(70.7)
24.0
(75.2)
24.0
(75.2)
20.7
(69.3)
15.9
(60.6)
10.6
(51.1)
7.3
(45.1)
15.3
(59.5)
Average low °C (°F) 1.6
(34.9)
1.4
(34.5)
3.2
(37.8)
4.7
(40.5)
8.2
(46.8)
10.9
(51.6)
12.9
(55.2)
12.6
(54.7)
10.0
(50)
7.7
(45.9)
4.2
(39.6)
2.0
(35.6)
6.6
(43.9)
Record low °C (°F) −17.4
(0.7)
−18.0
(−0.4)
−9.4
(15.1)
−5.2
(22.6)
−2.6
(27.3)
0.3
(32.5)
3.0
(37.4)
2.2
(36)
0.0
(32)
−6.0
(21.2)
−10.6
(12.9)
−17.0
(1.4)
−18.0
(−0.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 77.1
(3.035)
55.0
(2.165)
57.5
(2.264)
52.0
(2.047)
67.5
(2.657)
51.1
(2.012)
55.4
(2.181)
41.7
(1.642)
61.8
(2.433)
75.9
(2.988)
68.2
(2.685)
83.5
(3.287)
746.7
(29.398)
Average precipitation days 12.5 9.9 10.6 10.0 10.7 7.5 7.6 7.3 8.0 11.0 11.2 12.8 119.1
Average snowy days 3.8 3.8 2.8 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 2.5 15.4
Average relative humidity (%) 89 86 81 77 78 77 76 78 82 88 89 90 82.6
Mean monthly sunshine hours 62.0 85.0 131.4 163.4 190.3 217.7 215.0 212.4 168.2 113.6 70.5 60.4 1,689.5
Source #1: Météo France[8][9]
Source #2: Infoclimat.fr (humidity and snowy days, 1961–1990)[10]

Population

Historical population
Year Pop. ±% p.a.
1793 12,954 —    
1800 12,407 −0.61%
1806 13,222 +1.07%
1821 13,955 +0.36%
1836 13,934 −0.01%
1841 13,917 −0.02%
1846 14,388 +0.67%
1851 14,760 +0.51%
1856 16,473 +2.22%
1861 16,110 −0.44%
1866 16,115 +0.01%
1872 16,037 −0.08%
1876 16,615 +0.89%
1881 17,237 +0.74%
1886 17,550 +0.36%
1891 18,319 +0.86%
1896 17,841 −0.53%
1901 17,270 −0.65%
Year Pop. ±% p.a.
1906 17,843 +0.65%
1911 17,378 −0.53%
1921 16,249 −0.67%
1926 16,044 −0.25%
1931 16,688 +0.79%
1936 17,731 +1.22%
1946 19,691 +1.05%
1954 21,893 +1.33%
1962 25,584 +1.97%
1968 31,656 +3.61%
1975 33,680 +0.89%
1982 31,608 −0.90%
1990 29,988 −0.66%
1999 28,935 −0.40%
2007 27,942 −0.44%
2012 26,305 −1.20%
2017 25,848 −0.35%
Source: EHESS[11] and INSEE (1968-2017)[12]

Heraldry

Arms of Alençon
The arms of Alençon are blazoned :
Azure, a double-headed eagle displayed Or.



Economy

In the seventeenth century, Alençon was chiefly noted for its lace called point d'Alençon.

Today, Alençon is home to a prosperous plastics industry, and, since 1993, to a plastics engineering school.

MPO Fenêtres is a local PVC windows company established in Alençon since 1970, is one of the first company in Alençon with around 170 employees (2009) and a turnover of 28 million euros in 2008. It is also the oldest French PVC windows company still in activity.

Education

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Transport

Alençon is linked by the A28 autoroute (motorway/freeway) with the nearby cities of Le Mans to the south (Sarthe) and Rouen (Seine-Maritime) to the north.

The A88 autoroute links the A28 just north of Alençon to the coastal port of Caen.

A comprehensive town bus system operates from 7:00 to 19:00.

There is a comprehensive network of cycle paths.

Personalities

Alençon was the birthplace of:

International relations

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Alençon is twinned with:[13]

See also

References

  1. The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni, ed. and trans. E. van Houts, 2 vols (Oxford, 1992–95) vol. 2 p. 125
  2. https://www.history.com/news/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-william-the-conqueror
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  11. Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Alençon, EHESS. Script error: No such module "In lang".
  12. Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
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External links

  1. REDIRECT Template:Prefectures of French departments

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