DIOP

DIOP

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Names
IUPAC name O-Isopropylidene-2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane
Other names (−)-2,3-O-Isopropylidene-2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (−)-1,4-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,4-dideoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-L-threitol (+)-2,3-O-Isopropylidene-2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (+)-1,4-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,4-dideoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-L-threitol
Identifiers
CAS Number	32305-98-9 (–) 37002-48-5 (+)
ChemSpider	350240 (–)
Jmol 3D model	(–): Interactive image
PubChem	395120 (–)
InChI (–): InChI=1S/C31H32O2P2/c1-31(2)32-29(23-34(25-15-7-3-8-16-25)26-17-9-4-10-18-26)30(33-31)24-35(27-19-11-5-12-20-27)28-21-13-6-14-22-28/h3-22,29-30H,23-24H2,1-2H3/t29-,30-/m0/s1 Key: VCHDBLPQYJAQSQ-KYJUHHDHSA-N
SMILES (–): CC1(O[C@H]([C@@H](O1)CP(c2ccccc2)c3ccccc3)CP(c4ccccc4)c5ccccc5)C
Properties
Chemical formula	C31H32O2P2
Molar mass	498.54 g·mol−1
Appearance	White solid
Melting point	86 to 89 °C (187 to 192 °F; 359 to 362 K)
Solubility in water	Insoluble
Vapor pressure	{{{value}}}
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

DIOP (2,3-O-isopropylidene-2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane) is an organophosphorus compound that is used as a chiral ligand in asymmetric catalysis. It is a white solid that is soluble in organic solvents.

Synthesis

DIOP is prepared from the acetonide of d,l-tartaric acid, which is reduced prior to attachment of the PPh₂ substituents.

Use

The DIOP ligand binds to metals via conformationally flexible seven-membered C₅P₂M chelate ring.

DIOP is a historically important in the development of asymmetric catalysis, an atom-economical method for the preparation of chiral compounds. Described in 1971, it was the first example of a C₂-symmetric disphosphine, Its complexes have been applied to the reduction of prochiral olefins, ketons, and imines. Knowles et al. independently reported the related C₂-symmetric diphosphine DIPAMP.

Since the discovery of DIOP, many analogues of DIOP have been introduced. These DIOP derivatives include MOD-DIOP, Cy-DIOP, DIPAMP, and DBP-DIOP. Out of many derivatives, DBP-DIOP exhibits good regio- and enantioselectivity in the hydroformylation of butenes and styrene. DIOP was the first chiral ligand used in the platinum-tin-catalyzed hydroformylation. The reactivity, chemo – and the enantioselectivity of DIOP is influenced by CO and H2 pressure and polarity of the solvents. The best results in asymmetric hydroformylation are achieved in solvents with medium polarity: benzene and toluene.