Dario Argento

Dario Argento
Argento at the Crossing Europe Film Festival, April 2014
Born	(1940-09-07) 7 September 1940 Rome, Italy
Other names	Sirio Bernadotte
Occupation	Film director, producer, screenwriter
Spouse(s)	Marisa Casale (1968–1972) (divorced)
Partner(s)	Daria Nicolodi (1974–1985)
Children	2

Dario Argento (Italian: [ˈdaːrjo arˈdʒɛnto]; born 7 September 1940) is an Italian film director, producer and screenwriter. He is best known for his work in the horror film genre, particularly in the subgenre known as giallo, and for his influence on modern horror movies.

Life and career

Argento was born in Rome, the son of film producer and executive Salvatore Argento and Brazilian-born photographer Elda Luxardo. He began his career in film as a critic, writing for various magazines while still attending high school.

Argento did not attend college, electing rather to take a job as a columnist at the newspaper Paese Sera. While working at the newspaper, Argento also began working as a screenwriter. His most notable work was for Sergio Leone; he and Bernardo Bertolucci collaborated on the story for the spaghetti western classic Once Upon a Time in the West. Soon after that film's 1969 release, Argento began working on his directorial debut, the giallo film The Bird with the Crystal Plumage, which was released in 1970 and was a major hit in Italy. Argento continued to concentrate largely on the giallo genre, directing two more successful thrillers, The Cat o' Nine Tails (1971) and Four Flies on Grey Velvet (1972). Along with The Bird with the Crystal Plumage, these three films are frequently referred to as Argento's "animal trilogy". The director then turned his attention away from giallo movies, filming two Italian TV dramas and a period comedy (The Five Days) in 1973. Argento returned to thrillers with 1975's Deep Red, frequently cited by many critics as the best giallo ever made. The film made Argento famous internationally and inspired a number of other directors to work in the genre (John Carpenter has frequently referred to the influence Argento's early work had on Halloween).

Argento's next movie was Suspiria (1977), a violent supernatural thriller. Lacking the constraints of the more conventional giallo subgenre, Suspiria is a semi-surreal work of art, where plot and character are secondary to sound and vision. Argento planned for Suspiria to be the first of a trilogy about "The Three Mothers", three ancient witches residing in three different modern cities. The second movie of the trilogy was 1980's Inferno. The Mother of Tears (2007) belatedly concluded the trilogy.

In between the making of the first two "mothers", in 1978, Argento collaborated with George A. Romero on Dawn of the Dead, earning a producer credit and also providing soundtrack work for the zombie classic. Argento oversaw the European release of the film (where it was titled Zombi) which was much shorter and featured much more of the score written and performed by Goblin.

After Inferno, Argento returned to the more conventional giallo style with Tenebrae (1982). He then attempted to combine giallo and supernatural fantasy in 1985's Phenomena, also known as Creepers, which was one of Jennifer Connelly's earliest movies. Phenomena also showed Argento's predilection for using new technology, as evidenced by the film's several prowling Steadicam shots. Both films received a lukewarm reception upon their release (although each has been positively reappraised since).

Argento subsequently took a break from directing to write two screenplays for Mario Bava's son, Lamberto Bava: Dèmoni (1985) and Dèmoni 2 (1986).

Dario Argento interviewed by Martin Sauvageau during the Festival International du Cinéma Fantastique de Montréal in 1994

Opera followed in 1987. Set in Parma's Regio Theatre during a production of Verdi's Macbeth, the production was beset by real-life misfortunes that Argento suspected were caused by the supposed traditional "curse" on the Shakespearean play. Argento's father died during its production, Vanessa Redgrave quit the project before filming began, he had problems working with his former long-time girlfriend and collaborator Daria Nicolodi on-set and the cast and crew were plagued by several minor accidents and mishaps.

During the early 1990s, Argento was in the process of collaborating with Italian director Lucio Fulci on a horror film. Due to financial trouble, the project was continually postponed. Fortunately in 1996, Argento was able to gather funding, but was unable to actually collaborate with Fulci as Fulci died in March that year. The film would be later be directed by Sergio Stivaletti as The Wax Mask, with Argento and Fulci both receiving screenwriting credits.

His 1996 film The Stendhal Syndrome, in which a policewoman (played by Argento's daughter, Asia) who suffers from Stendhal syndrome is trapped by a serial killer in an abandoned warehouse, was the first Italian film to use computer-generated imagery (CGI). Moreover, the film's opening scene was shot in Florence at Italy's famed Uffizi Gallery. Argento is the only director ever granted permission to shoot there. The Stendhal Syndrome was distributed in the U.S. by cult B-movie distribution company Troma Entertainment. He later directed 1998's The Phantom of the Opera and 2001's Sleepless.

Dario Argento discusses his film Pelts at the Torino Film Festival in 2006

2004's The Card Player, a giallo about a killer whose murders are conducted during Internet poker matches with the Rome police, earned a mixed reception: some fans appreciated the techno music score composed by ex-Goblin member Claudio Simonetti, but felt the film was too mainstream, with little of Argento's usual flourish.

2005 saw the TV broadcast of Argento's Do You Like Hitchcock?, in which the director paid homage to Alfred Hitchcock after decades of being compared to him by critics. Later that year, he directed an episode of Masters of Horror, a Showtime television series, called "Jenifer". Soon afterwards, Argento directed an adaption of the F. Paul Wilson short story "Pelts" for season 2 of the same series.

Argento finished the final film of his Three Mothers trilogy, The Mother of Tears, which is set in Rome and centers on the titular "third mother", Mater Lacrimarum. Argento and Jace Anderson share writing credits for the film. Asia Argento was cast as the lead player, along with her mother and frequent Argento collaborator Daria Nicolodi in a supporting role. Udo Kier, who appeared in Argento's Suspiria, and Coralina Cataldi-Tassoni, who appeared in three of his previous films, both have pivotal roles in the final Mothers chapter.

On 26 June 2009, Giallo premiered at the Edinburgh Film Festival. The following month he announced that he had started working on a 3D remake of Deep Red, but subsequently this project was shelved due to the commercial failure of Giallo in Italian cinemas. He then announced his decision to write a new screenplay. In 2011, Argento signed on to produce the American remake of his cult film Suspiria. On 4 March 2011, it was announced that Rutger Hauer had signed on to play Van Helsing in Argento's Dracula 3D, which was scheduled to begin shooting in Budapest later in the year. It was released on 19 May 2012. In 2014, Dario Argento announce the crowdfunding campaign for the upcoming movie The Sandman that will be shooted in november 2015 for a 2016 release.

Other work

He is involved in a horror memorabilia store located at Via dei Gracchi 260 in Rome named Profondo Rosso (Deep Red), after his classic film Deep Red. In the cellar is a collection of his movies. The store is managed by his long-time collaborator and friend Luigi Cozzi.

He has contributed in the development of the survival horror video game Dead Space, and also in the dubbing of the Dr. Kyne character in the Italian version of the game.

Works and criticism

Maitland McDonagh wrote about Argento in her book Broken Mirrors/Broken Minds: The Dark Dreams of Dario Argento (1991). Argento is also mentioned in Art of Darkness, a collection of promotional stills, poster art and critical essays edited by Chris Gallant. British journalist Alan Jones published Profondo Argento, a compendium of set reports, interviews and biographical detail. In Dario Argento film journalist James Gracey provides fresh critical analysis and an exploration of Argento's far-reaching impact on modern horror cinema. English sound designer, writer and musician Heather Emmett published Sounds to Die For: Speaking the Language of Horror Film Sound, which includes the first in-depth study of the use of sound in Argento's films.

In 2012, Argento was highlighted in the retrospective Argento: Il Cinema Nel Sangue at the Museum of Arts and Design in New York City. The retrospective celebrated the influence of the Argento family on filmmaking in Italy and around the world. It highlighted Dario's contribution as well as that of his father (Salvatore), brother (Claudio), ex-wife (Daria Nicolodi) and daughter (Asia).

Critical decline

Starting with 1996's The Stendhal Syndrome, Argento's films have been generally poorly received by critics. Fangoria wrote in 2010, "over the last decade, standards have slipped. For a filmmaker who was always so precise in his construction and cutting, his later films such as The Phantom of the Opera and The Card Player are sloppy, stitched together so carelessly that they leak vital fluid. Gradually, the kaleidoscopic style that once characterized his films has slowly blanched away."

Filmography

Film

Title	Year	Credited as							English
		Director	Writer	Producer	Editor	Composer	Actor	Role
Scusi, lei è favorevole o contrario?	1966		Yes				Yes	Priest	Pardon, Are You for or Against?
Qualcuno ha tradito	1967		Yes
Oggi a me... domani a te!	1968		Yes						Today We Kill, Tomorrow We Die!
Comandamenti per un gangster			Yes
Commandos			Yes
La rivoluzione sessuale			Yes
C'era una volta il West			Yes						Once Upon a Time in the West
Une corde, un Colt...	1969		Yes						The Rope and the Colt...
Metti, una sera a cena			Yes						Love Circle
Probabilità zero			Yes
La legione dei dannati			Yes						Battle of the Commandos, Legion of the Damned
Un esercito di cinque uomini			Yes						The Five Man Army
La stagione dei sensi			Yes
L'uccello dalle piume di cristallo	1970	Yes	Yes				Yes	Murderer's Hands (uncredited)	The Bird with the Crystal Plumage
Il gatto a nove code	1971	Yes	Yes						The Cat o' Nine Tails
4 mosche di velluto grigio		Yes	Yes						Four Flies on Grey Velvet
Così sia	1973		Yes						Man Called Amen
Le cinque giornate		Yes	Yes				Yes	Bandaged man with Tranzunto (uncredited)	The Five Days
Profondo rosso	1975	Yes	Yes				Yes	Murderer's Hands (uncredited)	Deep Red
Suspiria	1977	Yes	Yes			Yes	Yes	Narrator (voice; uncredited)	N/A
Dawn of the Dead	1978				(Uncredited)	Yes			N/A
Inferno	1980	Yes	Yes				Yes	Narrator (voice; uncredited)	N/A
Tenebre	1982	Yes	Yes				Yes	Narrator; Murderer's Hands (voice; uncredited)	Tenebrae
Phenomena	1985	Yes	Yes	Yes			Yes	Narrator (voice; uncredited)	Creepers
Dèmoni			Yes	Yes					Demons
Dèmoni 2	1986		Yes	Yes					Demons 2
Opera	1987	Yes	Yes	Yes			Yes	Narrator (voice; uncredited)	Terror at the Opera (alternative English title)
La chiesa	1989		Yes	Yes					The Church
Due occhi diabolici (The Black Cat episode only)	1990	Yes	Yes	Yes					Two Evil Eyes
La Setta (The Sect)	1991		Yes	Yes					The Devil's Daughter
Innocent Blood	1992						Yes	Paramedic	N/A
Trauma	1993	Yes	Yes	Yes	(uncredited)				Dario Argento's Trauma
La sindrome di Stendhal	1996	Yes	Yes	Yes					The Stendhal Syndrome
Il cielo è sempre più blu							Yes	Man Confessing To Franciscan Monk	Bits and Pieces
M.D.C. - Maschera di cera	1997		Yes	Yes					The Wax Mask
Il fantasma dell'opera	1998	Yes	Yes						The Phantom of the Opera
Scarlet Diva	2000			Yes					N/A
Non ho sonno	2001	Yes	Yes	Yes					Sleepless
Il cartaio	2004	Yes	Yes	Yes					The Card Player
La Terza madre	2007	Yes	Yes	Yes					Mother of Tears
Giallo	2009	Yes	Yes						N/A
Dracula 3D	2012	Yes	Yes						N/A

Television

• 1973 - La porta sul buio (4 episodes as director and producer)
• 2005 - Ti piace Hitchcock? (Do You Like Hitchcock?) (television film; director and writer)
• 2005–2006 - Masters of Horror (2 episodes as director)
• 2010 - Tutti pazzi per amore ... Ugo, presidente commissione d'esame (1 episode as actor)

Documentary

1993 - The King of Ads (director)

Recurring collaborators

Actor	L'uccello dalle piume di cristallo	Il gatto a nove code	4 mosche di velluto grigio	Le cinque giornate	Profondo rosso	Suspiria	Inferno	Tenebre	Phenomena	Opera	Due occhi diabolici	Trauma	La sindrome di Stendhal	Il fantasma dell'opera	Non ho sonno	Il cartaio	La Terza madre	Giallo	Dracula 3D
Asia Argento
Giovanni Di Benedetto
Tom Felleghy
Margherita Horowitz
Thomas Kretschmann
Emilio Marchesini
Gildo Di Marco
Fulvio Mingozzi
Daria Nicolodi
Corrado Olmi
Stefano Oppedisano
Pino Patti
Ada Pometti
Umberto Raho
Jacques Stany

Further reading

• Xavier Mendik. "From the Monstrous Mother to the 'Third' Sex: Female Abjection in the Films of Dario Argento" in Andy Black (ed), Necronomicon: The Journal of Horror and Erotic Cinema: Book Two, London: creation Books, 1998, pp. 110-133.

External links

• Dario Argento at the Internet Movie Database
• Dark Dreams: The Films of Dario Argento – fansite