David Hogg

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David Hogg
Hogg speech at "March For Our Lives" political rally
Hogg speech at "March For Our Lives" political rally
Born David Miles Hogg[1]
2000 (age 23–24)[2]
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Residence Parkland, Florida, U.S.
Nationality American
Education Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School
Occupation Gun de-legalization activist
Years active 2018–present
Organization Never Again MSD
Known for Advocacy for gun control
YouTube information
Channels
Years active 2014–present
Subscribers 4,641
Total views 1,069,946

Last updated: April 12, 2018

David Miles Hogg (born April 12, 2000)[3][4] is a far-left American anti-gun activist who was near the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting on February 14, 2018, and afterward became prominent as a gun control advocate, and an activist against the unregulated public possession of firearms.[5][6][7] He is one of twenty founding members of Never Again MSD, a political group that includes Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School (MSD) students.[8] In conjunction with his gun control advocacy, he has helped lead several left-wing protests, marches, and boycotts. He has also been accused of being a crisis actor.[9][10]

Early life and education

Hogg is originally from Los Angeles, California.[11] He moved to Florida at the beginning of high school.[12] He is the son of Kevin Hogg, a former agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation,[13][14] and Rebecca Boldrick, a teacher for Broward County Public Schools in Broward County, Florida.[15]

Hogg chose to attend Stoneman Douglas High School because of the television production classes it offered.[16] He is a Teenlink reporter for the Sun Sentinel.[17] He is expected to graduate in mid-2018 from Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School.[18]

Hogg has been accepted to several universities including the University of California, Irvine, but has not yet decided which university he will attend. He planned to take a year off before starting college to work on the 2018 mid-term elections. He would work for Democratic or other liberal/progressive candidates who favor legal restrictions on non-governmental or non-government authorized ownership of firearms.[19][20]

Stoneman Douglas High School shooting

While reportedly a senior at Stoneman Douglas in Parkland, Florida, Hogg was on or near the campus when the shooter, Nikolas Cruz, a 19-year-old former student at the high school, started shooting with a semi-automatic rifle after pulling the fire alarm. Hogg, who said he was in his AP environmental science class, told the teacher that the repeated "pop" sounds the class heard sounded like gunshots. Hogg said a culinary arts teacher pulled Hogg and others inside her classroom and they hid in a closet.[21]

Hogg discovered that a shooting was occurring at their high school in real time. He used his cell phone to interview other students in the closet.[22][23] Hogg's sister, a freshman at the high school, corresponded with her brother via text message.[24] After about an hour, SWAT officers escorted them out.

Opposition to private gun ownership

After the school shooting, Hogg emerged as a leader in the anti-gun movement, voicing his opinion on gun control and gun violence.[25] He has demanded that elected officials pass new gun control measures[26] and has condemned officials who take donations from the NRA, and has urged them to compromise on legislation to restrict or outlaw guns.[27]

Hogg joined the social media movement and gun control group Never Again MSD shortly after its formation.[28] Hogg flew to Los Angeles on February 21, 2018, to be on The Dr. Phil Show with Phil McGraw, along with his sister, to discuss the shooting and suspected shooter.[29][30] Hogg, along with fellow activist Emma González, blamed the National Rifle Association (NRA) for school shootings.[31] He declined to go to the White House on February 21 to meet with President Donald Trump, saying that Trump could come to Parkland if he wanted to talk.[32]

When Republican candidate Leslie Gibson, who was running unopposed for the Maine House of Representatives, described fellow Parkland student Emma González as a "skinhead lesbian", Hogg called for somebody to challenge the Republican; Eryn Gilchrist decided to run as a Democrat to challenge Gibson for the position;[33] as did Republican former State Senator Thomas Martin, Jr.. Gibson dropped out of the race in response to public reaction to his comments.[34]

Hogg was featured on the cover of an April 2018 edition of Time, along with fellow anti-gun activists Jaclyn Corin, Emma Gonzalez, Cameron Kasky and Alex Wind.[35]

Hogg claims that he is a supporter of the Second Amendment but that gun owners need to be regulated, saying, "99.9 percent of the people that are in the NRA are responsible, safe gun owners and I respect them for that, joining an organization that wants to support safe gun ownership is excellent.”[36]

In an interview with Fox News, Hogg favored regulations that prohibit those suffering from mental illnesses from acquiring guns.[37] He favored: "Raising the federal age of gun ownership and possession to the age of 21; banning all bump stocks; making sure that we have universal background checks; making sure that people that have committed acts of domestic violence are no longer able to get a gun" ... "and making sure that people with a criminal history and a history of mental illness are not able to obtain these weapons of mass destruction."[38]

Hogg criticized the media, stating that black students were not given a voice; he said that his school was 25% black but "the way we're covered doesn't reflect that."[39]

In April 2018, Hogg initiated an effort to urge Speaker of the House Paul Ryan to bring a bill to the House of Representatives which required mandatory background checks for gun buyers; on Twitter, Hogg urged people to contact speaker Ryan and demand a vote on universal background checks.[40]

Boycotts

Hogg called for students to boycott spring break in Florida and instead travel to Puerto Rico if gun control legislation was not passed by the Florida state government.[41][42] After finishing high school, Hogg plans to take a gap year to campaign for politicians in favor of gun reform.[43]

Hogg initiated a boycott of companies who advertise during The Ingraham Angle because Laura Ingraham made a Twitter joke about his college application. In response to the boycott, 24 advertisers left the show.[44][45][46] Following the loss of advertisers, Ingraham tried to apologize to Hogg,[47] but he rejected the apology.[48][49] Ingraham was supported by Ted Nugent, Bill Maher[50], John Bowden, April 7, 2018, and The Hill.[51][52] Alt-right commentator Vox Day criticized Ingraham for apologizing, citing Hogg's alleged left-wing methodology.[53] After considering protests from progressive and left-wing employees, Fox News allowed Ingraham to continue her show.[54] Ingraham's viewership increased in the weeks following the boycott, jumping from 2.5 million to 3 million.

Hogg also organized a boycott of Sinclair Broadcast Group TV host Jamie Allman, from station KDNL in St. Louis, who resigned and his show was canceled.[55]

In May 2018, Hogg and a team of Never Again MSD activists held a "die-in" at a Publix supermarket, with a mass of activists blocking the store's floor in retaliation for the supermarket's financial support of pro-NRA gubernatorial candidate Adam Putnam. Facing additional boycott and other threats, Publix then stopped supporting Putnam.

Crisis actors

Shortly after the shooting, right-wing theorists accused Hogg and other students of being "crisis actors".[56][57][58][59][60] Facebook, YouTube, and Instagram started removing posts that attack the students or accuse them of being actors.[61][62]

External links

References

  1. twsFLvoterRegis> last1=Larsen first1=Emily title=Fact Check: is one of the Parkland shooting survivors actually a 27-year-old criminal? url=http://checkyourfact.com/2018/02/22/fact-check-is-one-of-the-parkland-shooting-survivors-actually-a-27-year-old-criminal/ accessdate=12 March 2018 work=Check Your Fact}}
  2. Hayden
  3. Tweet-Birthday-2018 last1=Hogg first1=David title=Now that I’m 18 I can vote will you? work=@davidhogg111 publisher=Twitter date=12 April 2018 url=https://twitter.com/davidhogg111/status/984280043294732288
  4. Hayden url=http://www.newsweek.com/pro-trump-troll-shoots-david-hogg-effigy-and-gets-banned-twitter-884023 title=Pro-trump Troll Shoots Up David Hogg Effigy With Assault Rifle, Gets Banned From Twitter work=Newsweek date=April 12, 2018 accessdate=April 12, 2018 last=Hayden first=Michael
  5. title=Student reporter interviews classmates hiding from gunman in Florida high school url=http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/broward/article200277689.html accessdate=25 February 2018 work=Miami Herald date=15 February 2018 format=video
  6. "Prusher150218" last1=Prusher first1=Ilene title=A Student Started Filming During the Florida School Shooting. He Hasn't Stopped url=http://time.com/5161034/florida-school-shooting-survivor/ accessdate=21 February 2018 work=TIME date=15 February 2018
  7. "Kir200218" last1=Kirby first1=Jen title=Florida shooting survivor explains how his generation can force a change on guns url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/2/20/17030294/florida-shooting-survivor-david-hogg-gun-control accessdate=21 February 2018 work=Vox (website) date=20 February 2018
  8. "Low180218" last1=Lowery first1=Wesley | He vows not to return to classes until gun laws become much stricter. | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2018/02/18/students-organize-to-fight-for-gun-law-changes/ | accessdate=21 February 2018 | work=The Washington Post | date=18 February 2018
  9. "Stanglin210218" last1=Stanglin | first1=Doug | last2=Hayes | first2=Christal | title=Conspiracy theorists find Florida student activists too good to be true | url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2018/02/21/conspiracy-theorists-find-florida-student-activists-too-good-true/358148002/ | accessdate=21 February 2018 | work=USA Today | date=21 February 2018
  10. "twsCNN11" last1=Chavez | first1=Nicole | title=School shooting survivor knocks down 'crisis actor' claim | url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/21/us/david-hogg-conspiracy-theories-response/index.html | accessdate=21 February 2018 | work=CNN | date=21 February 2018
  11. "Garica210218" last1=Garcia | first1=Arturo | left-wing praise for gun confiscation proponent | url=https://www.snopes.com/2018/02/20/right-wing-media-david-hogg/ | accessdate=28 February 2018 | work=Snopes | date=21 February 2018
  12. "Wilson210218" last1= Wilson | first1= Kirby | activist denies he is working for Deep State | url=http://www.tampabay.com/florida-politics/buzz/2018/02/21/parkland-survivor-david-hogg-on-conspiracy-theories-its-sad/ | accessdate=23 February 2018 | work=Tampa Bay Times | date=21 February 2018
  13. "BBC210218" title=Florida shooting: Student David Hogg denies 'actor' claim | url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-43140105 | accessdate=21 February 2018 | work=BBC | date=21 February 2018
  14. Cohen> url=http://www.miamiherald.com/entertainment/article203291989.html | Bill Maher praises poised Parkland duo | work=Miami Herald | date=March 3, 2018 | accessdate=March 4, 2018 | last=Cohen | first=Howard
  15. "Scanlan190218" last1=Scanlan | first1=Quinn | Florida shooting survivor claims he lost 4 friends in the massacre | url=http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/im-14-havent-driven-florida-shooting-survivor-lost/story?id=53170105 | accessdate=23 February 2018 | work=ABC News | date=18 February 2018
  16. "Dwil240218" last1= Dwilson | first1= Stephanie Dube | title=David Hogg: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know | url=https://heavy.com/news/2018/02/david-hogg-florida-school-shooting-california-video/ | accessdate=25 February 2018 | work=Heavy.com | date=24 February 2018
  17. url=https://www.vibe.com/2018/02/david-hogg-called-crisis-actor-by-trump-supporters/ | title=Trump Supporters Call Parkland Shooting Survivors Crisis Actors | last=Thompson | first=Desire | date=February 21, 2018 | work=Vibe | access-date=March 30, 2018
  18. url=http://www.newsweek.com/laura-ingraham-david-hogg-colleges-ucla-uc-santa-barbara-twitter-parkland-864992 | title=Right-wing radio host Laura Ingraham mocked David Hogg for not getting accepted into his top colleges | last=Fearnow | first=Benjamin | date=March 28, 2018 | work=Newsweek | access-date=March 30, 2018 | language=en
  19. Griggs> url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/09/us/david-hogg-parkland-year-off-trnd/index.html?sr=twCNN040918david-hogg-parkland-year-off-trnd0129PMStory | title=David Hogg will take a gap year before college to work on the midterm elections | work=CNN | date=April 9, 2018 | accessdate=April 9, 2018 | last=Griggs | first=Brandon
  20. "Branson-Potts" url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-david-hogg-uc-irvine-20180409-story.html | title=David Hogg, mocked by Laura Ingraham for college rejections, says he's been accepted to UC Irvine | work=Los Angeles Times | date=April 9, 2018 | accessdate=April 9, 2018 | last=Branson-Potts | first=Hailey
  21. "Prusher150218"
  22. url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/17/us/david-hogg-profile-florida-shooting/index.html | title=Student journalist interviewed classmates as shooter walked Parkland school halls | last=Andone | first=Dakin | date=February 18, 2018 | work=CNN | accessdate=8 March 2018
  23. "Stra150218" last1=Strachan | first1=Maxwell | title=After Florida Shooting, The Teens Become The Strongest Voice For Gun Control | url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/florida-shooting-teens-gun-control_us_5a85ea3be4b004fc3190306e | accessdate=21 February 2018 | work=HuffPost | date=15 February 2018
  24. "Amos150218" last1=Amos | first1=Owen | title=Florida school shooting: A survivor's story | url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-43069670 | accessdate=21 February 2018 | work=BBC | date=15 February 2018
  25. "BarrD210218" last1=Barrett | first1=Delvin | last2=Dawsey | first2=Josh | title=Florida students plead with Congress: It’s about the guns | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/florida-students-plea-with-congress-its-about-the-guns/2018/02/18/0c4e89ca-14c1-11e8-b681-2d4d462a1921_story.html | accessdate=21 February 2018 | work=The Washington Post | date=18 February 2018
  26. "CBS1802F18" title=Fla. school shooting survivor David Hogg says: Speak out | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/florida-school-shooting-survivor-david-hogg-speak-out/ | accessdate=21 February 2018 | work=CBS News | date=18 February 2018
  27. "Song160218" last1=Song | first1=Jean | title=Florida school shooting survivor to lawmakers: "Make some compromises" | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/school-shooting-florida-survivor-david-hogg-teacher-ashley-kurth/ | accessdate=21 February 2018 | work=CBS News | date=16 February 2018
  28. "CBBC180218" last1=Cooper | first1=Kelly-Leigh | url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-43105699 | accessdate=21 February 2018 | work=BBC | date=18 February 2018
  29. "VasSmi190218" last1=Vassolo | first1=Martin | last2=Smiley | first2=David | title=Turning anguish into activism, Parkland students push America’s gun-control movement | url=http://www.miamiherald.com/news/politics-government/article201013139.html | accessdate=21 February 2018 | work=Miami Herald | date=19 February 2018
  30. "Boedeker200218" last1=Boedeker | first1=Hal | title=Florida school shooting: 'Dr. Phil' offers two shows | url=http://www.orlandosentinel.com/entertainment/tv/tv-guy/os-et-florida-school-shooting-dr-phil-offers-two-shows-20180220-story.html | accessdate=21 February 2018 | work=Orlando Sentinel | date=20 February 2018
  31. twsAxios423>title=Parkland student: Politicians accepting NRA money are against shooting victims | url=https://www.axios.com/parkland-student-politicians-accepting-nra-money-e7b89d81-1662-496f-b121-b6b9a8630286.html? | date=19 February 2018 | work= Axios | accessdate=22 February 2018 | quote= "Gonzalez: 'You're either funding the killers, or you're standing with the children'...."
  32. twsWashPost4849>last1=Johnson | first1=Jenna | last2=Wagner | first2=John | title=‘Fix it’: Students and parents tell Trump he needs to address gun violence at schools | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/fix-it-students-and-parents-tell-trump-he-needs-to-address-gun-violence-at-schools/2018/02/21/455c99c4-1722-11e8-92c9-376b4fe57ff7_story.html?undefined=&wpisrc=nl_headlines&wpmm=1 | date=21 February 2018 | work=The Washington Post | accessdate=22 February 2018
  33. twsSunJournal111>Sun Journal, Steve Collins, March 15, 2018, Democrat who's horrified by Gibson decided to take him on for House seat, Retrieved March 15, 2018, "...David Hogg ... called for “friends in Maine” to take him on...."
  34. Wootson> url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2018/03/17/republican-who-called-parkland-teen-a-skinhead-lesbian-drops-out-of-maine-house-race/ | title=Republican who called Parkland teen a ‘skinhead lesbian’ drops out of Maine House race | work=The Washington Post | date=March 17, 2018 | accessdate=March 18, 2018 | last=Wootson | first=Cleve
  35. "twsHous101" Associated Press, March 22, 2018, Houston Public Media, Parkland Students On Cover Of Time Magazine, Retrieved March 22, 2018, Note: cover third week March 2018; "...The cover features Marjory Stoneman Douglas students Jaclyn Corin, Alex Wind, Emma Gonzalez, Cameron Kasky and David Hogg,...."
  36. "Brown210218" last1=Brown | first1=Lauretta | title=Florida Shooting Survivor and Student Activist David Hogg Says He Respects Most NRA Members | url=https://townhall.com/tipsheet/laurettabrown/2018/02/21/florida-school-shooting-survivor-david-hogg-had-this-to-say-about-nra-members-n2452376 | accessdate=24 February 2018 | work=Townhall | date=21 February 2018
  37. "Wilson210218"
  38. url=https://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/susan-jones/activist-david-hogg-slams-republicans-cowards-stupid-sharks-want-sell-more | title=Student Gun-Control Activist David Hogg Slams Republicans As 'Cowards' | last=Jones | first=Susan | date=February 28, 2018 | work=CNS News | accessdate=8 March 2018
  39. "twsYahoo400" T. Marcin of Newsweek, March 23, 2018, via Yahoo News, Parkland Student David Hogg Says Black Classmates Weren’t Given a Voice by Media, Retrieved March 24, 2018
  40. twsSalon373> Salon magazine, NICOLE KARLIS, April 11, 2018, Shooting survivor David Hogg: Paul Ryan, make background checks your legacy: Hogg noted correctly that 90% of Americans support universal background checks, and exhorted Ryan to bring a vote, Retrieved April 12, 2018, "...rallying people on Twitter to contact Speaker of the House Paul Ryan and demand the House vote on universal background checks..."
  41. twsGuardian43kl>last1=Milman | first1=Oliver | title=NRA calls companies' Florida shooting boycott 'political and civic cowardice' | url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/feb/24/nra-florida-shooting-delta-united?subid=21785878&CMP=GT_US_collection | date=24 February 2018 | work=The Guardian | accessdate=22 February 2018 | quote=...Let’s make a deal,” David Hogg, ... major player in the #NeverAgain movement, tweeted. “DO NOT come to Florida for spring break unless gun legislation is passed...
  42. twsTime451> Cite web | url=http://time.com/5176544/david-hogg-boycott-florida/ | title=Why School Shooting Survivor David Hogg Wants Tourists to Boycott Florida for Spring Break | last=Jenkins | first=Aric | date=2018-02-26 | website=Time | language=en | access-date=2018-02-27
  43. "Mannarino280218" last1=Mannarino | first1=Dan | title=Parkland school shooting survivor David Hogg outlines his gun-reform goals | url=http://pix11.com/2018/02/28/parkland-school-shooting-survivor-david-hogg-outlines-his-gun-reform-goals/ | accessdate=28 February 2018 | work=WPIX 11 New York | date=28 February 2018
  44. Hod-180411> url=https://www.thewrap.com/mitsubishi-becomes-24th-company-to-drop-laura-ingraham-exclusive/ | title=Mitsubishi Drops Laura Ingraham as Advertiser Boycott Campaign Continues (Exclusive) | work=The Wrap | date=April 11, 2018 | accessdate=April 12, 2018 | last=Hod | first=Itay
  45. Knowles> url=https://ca.news.yahoo.com/advertisers-keep-pressure-laura-ingraham-193948571.html | title=Advertisers keep up pressure on Laura Ingraham | work=Yahoo News | date=April 10, 2018 | accessdate=April 11, 2018 | last=Knowles | first=David
  46. "NYT 29 March 2018" cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/29/business/media/laura-ingraham-david-hogg.html | title=Advertisers Drop Laura Ingraham After She Taunts Parkland Survivor David Hogg | last=Victor | first=Daniel | date=29 March 2018 | website=The New York Times | access-date=April 6, 2018
  47. cite web | last1=Savransky | first1=Rebecca | title=Ingraham apologizes amid backlash over Parkland student criticism | url=http://thehill.com/homenews/media/380846-ingraham-apologizes-after-posting-critical-tweet-about-parkland-student | website=TheHill | language=en | date=29 March 2018
  48. "Kludt March 2018" cite web | last1=Kludt | first1=Tom | title=Laura Ingraham's apology to David Hogg has not stemmed the advertiser exodus | url=http://money.cnn.com/2018/03/29/media/laura-ingraham-apologizes-david-hogg/index.html?sr=twCNN033018laura-ingraham-apologizes-david-hogg0656AMStory | website=CNNMoney | date=30 March 2018
  49. Visser> url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/blue-apron-laura-ingraham_us_5acd8e6be4b09212968cd6bb | title=Laura Ingraham's Sponsors Still Bolting Over Comments About Parkland Survivor | work=Huffington Post | date=April 11, 2018 | accessdate=April 11, 2018 | last=Visser | first=Nick
  50. twsTheHill0066
  51. http://thehill.com/homenews/media/382071-bill-maher-defends-ingraham-parkland-student-calling-for-a-boycott-is-wrong | Bill Maher defends Ingraham: Parkland student calling for a boycott is wrong], Retrieved April 8, 2018, "..."He complains about bullying? That’s bullying!" the host continued. "I have been the victim of a boycott ... I've lost a job as a result. It is wrong. You shouldn’t do this by team, you should do it by principle."..."
  52. Cite web | url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2018/04/02/ted-nugent-continues-bashing-david-hogg-praises-laura-ingraham/480311002/ | title=Ted Nugent continues to bash Parkland survivor David Hogg, praises Fox's Laura Ingraham | last=Alexander | first=Bryan | date=April 3, 2018 | website= | archive-url= | archive-date= | dead-url= | access-date=April 7, 2018
  53. referring to his book SJWs Always Lie: Taking Down the Thought_Police
  54. Battaglio> cite web | url=http://www.latimes.com/business/hollywood/la-fi-ct-fox-ingraham-boycott-20180402-story.html | title=Fox News states support for Laura Ingraham despite advertiser fallout | last=Battaglio | first=Stephen | date=April 2, 2018 | work=Los Angeles Times | accessdate=April 5, 2018
  55. url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/10/us/sinclair-commentator-resigns-jamie-allman-david-hogg/index.html | first=Eliott C. | date=April 10, 2018 | work=CNN | access-date=April 11, 2018 | quote="When we kick their ass they all like to claim we're drunk. I've been hanging out getting ready to ram a hot poker up David Hogg's ass tomorrow. Busy working. Preparing."
  56. wilson2018> | url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/crisis-actors-lie-spreads-wake-florida-shooting-170138726.html | publisher=Yahoo! News | first=Christopher | last=Wilson | date=February 21, 2018 | accessdate=February 21, 2018
  57. "Smith200218" last1=Smith | first1=Allan | url=http://www.businessinsider.com/parkland-florida-shooting-survivor-david-hogg-fbi-2018-2 | accessdate=22 February 2018 | work=Business Insider | date=20 February 2018
  58. work=WUSA (TV) | url=http://www.wusa9.com/article/news/local/verify/verify-heres-why-david-hogg-and-other-florida-students-arent-crisis-actors/65-521599550 | first=Eliana | last=Block | date=21 February 2018 | quote=There's also an interview of Hogg on a Los Angeles CBS Station back in August
    As for that video from California? Our team found Hogg's YouTube "vlog" which shows he was on vacation in Cali at the time.
  59. CNN-AC360-Actor-2018>last1=Sanchez | first1=Ray | last2=Cooper | first2=Anderson | last3=Hogg | first3=David | last4=Hogg | first4=Kevin | title=Trending YouTube video calls shooting survivor David Hogg an actor. That's a lie | url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/21/us/david-hogg-youtube-video/index.html | work=CNN | date=21 February 2018 | format=video interview
  60. "Arkin210218" last1=Arkin | first1=Daniel | last2=Popken | first2=Ben | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/how-internet-s-conspiracy-theorists-turned-parkland-students-crisis-actors-n849921 | accessdate=22 February 2018 | work=NBC News | date=21 February 2018
  61. title='Abhorrent' Hoax Facebook Posts Are Claiming the Florida School Shooting Survivors Are 'Crisis Actors' | url=http://time.com/5169067/florida-shooting-david-hogg-facebook-youtube/ | accessdate=23 February 2018 | work= TIME | date=21 February 2018 | ref=TIME210218
  62. "Nicas230218" last1=Nicas | first1=Jack | last2=Sheera | first2=Frenkle | title=Facebook and Google Struggle to Squelch ‘Crisis Actor’ Posts | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/23/technology/trolls-step-ahead-facebook-youtube-florida-shooting.html | accessdate=24 February 2018 | work=The New York Times | date=23 February 2018