Defective democracy
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Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Defective democracies are democracies with certain defects. The concept was proposed by the political scientists Wolfgang Merkel, Hans-Jürgen Puhle and Aurel S. Croissant at the beginning of the 21st century to subtilize the usual distinction of totalitarian, authoritarian, and democratic political systems. It is based on the concept of embedded democracies.
Literature
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External links
- Wolfgang Merkel, Defective Democracies, 1999
- Wolfgang Merkel, Embedded and Defective Democracies, 2004
- Hans-Jürgen Puhle, Democratic Consolidation and 'Defective Democracies', 2005
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