Demographics of Botswana

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Botswana, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

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Demographics of Botswana, Data of FAO, year 2008 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands.

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Botswana, like many nations in southern Africa, suffers from a high HIV infection rate, estimated among adults ages 15 to 49 to be 24.8%.

Population

Census results

Botswana Population and Housing Census
Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1904	120,776	—
1911	124,350	+0.42%
1921	152,983	+2.09%
1936	265,756	+3.75%
1946	296,310	+1.09%
1956	309,175	+0.43%
1964	549,510	+7.45%
1971	596,994	+1.19%
1981	941,027	+4.66%
1991	1,326,796	+3.50%
2001	1,680,863	+2.39%
2011	2,024,787	+1.88%

Bechuanaland Protectorate

The seven censuses of Botswana before its independence happened irregularly. Due to the Anglo-Boer War, the first census of Bechuanaland Protectorate, originally set to occur in 1901, took place on 17 April 1904. The 1931 census was postponed to 1936 because of the Great Depression. The early censuses were unreliable and took several years to tabulate; the results were outdated by the time they were calculated.

Post-independence

There have been five censuses after the independence of Botswana, each occurring every ten years in the year ending in 1 (i.e. 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001, and 2011). The 1971 census was the first census in Botswana to use de facto enumeration; this method counts people based on how many people spent census night at a specific location. Previously, the citizens were counted based on their usual place of residence. The 2001 census was the first census in Botswana to comply with the SADC 2000 Census Project, the guidelines of which unify the demographic statistics in southern Africa. The most recent census was the 2011 Botswana Population and Housing Census, which occurred in August 2011.

UN estimates

According to the 2010 revision of the World Population Prospects the total population was 2,007,000 in 2010, compared to only 413,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 32.6%, 63.4% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 4% was 65 years or older.

File:Botswana population pyramid 2005.png

Population pyramid

	Total population (x 1000)	Population aged 0–14 (%)	Population aged 15–64 (%)	Population aged 65+ (%)
1950	413	40.9	54.8	4.4
1955	470	42.4	53.4	4.2
1960	524	45.6	50.4	4.0
1965	596	48.4	48.2	3.5
1970	693	47.9	48.9	3.2
1975	822	47.1	50.1	2.8
1980	996	46.5	51.0	2.5
1985	1 183	46.3	51.2	2.4
1990	1 382	44.8	52.6	2.6
1995	1 586	41.6	55.7	2.7
2000	1 758	37.9	59.0	3.0
2005	1 876	34.9	61.6	3.5
2010	2 007	32.6	63.4	4.0

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events is in Botswana not complete. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.

Period	Live births per year	Deaths per year	Natural change per year	CBR*	CDR*	NC*	TFR*	IMR*
1950-1955	21 000	8 000	12 000	47.0	18.8	28.2	6.50	135
1955-1960	23 000	9 000	15 000	47.3	17.3	29.9	6.58	124
1960-1965	26 000	9 000	17 000	46.6	15.6	31.0	6.65	113
1965-1970	30 000	9 000	21 000	46.1	14.0	32.1	6.70	104
1970-1975	34 000	9 000	25 000	45.5	12.0	33.4	6.55	90
1975-1980	41 000	9 000	32 000	45.0	9.9	35.1	6.37	75
1980-1985	46 000	9 000	37 000	42.5	8.4	34.1	5.97	63
1985-1990	48 000	9 000	39 000	37.2	7.0	30.2	5.11	54
1990-1995	48 000	11 000	37 000	32.2	7.2	25.0	4.32	51
1995-2000	48 000	18 000	30 000	28.6	11.0	17.7	3.70	61
2000-2005	46 000	27 000	19 000	25.5	14.9	10.6	3.18	59
2005-2010	47 000	25 000	23 000	24.2	12.6	11.6	2.90	41
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Births and deaths

Year	Population	Live births	Deaths	Natural increase	Crude birth rate	Crude death rate	Rate of natural increase	TFR
2012		40 856	12 270	28 586

Source: Vital Statistics Report 2012.

Structure of the population

Structure of the population (01.08.2006) (Based on the results of 2006 Demographic Survey) :

Age Group	Male	Female	Total	%
Total	851 670	921 570	1 773 240	100
0-4	107 564	104 908	212 472	11,98
5-9	102 650	97 035	199 685	11,26
10-14	106 643	108 231	214 874	12,12
15-19	91 806	91 623	183 429	10,34
20-24	92 134	104 057	196 191	11,06
25-29	80 087	89 173	169 260	9,55
30-34	65 142	66 264	131 406	7,41
35-39	44 147	51 592	95 739	5,40
40-44	37 525	45 070	82 595	4,66
45-49	31 320	38 131	69 451	3,92
50-54	24 853	30 962	55 815	3,15
55-59	18 041	21 830	39 871	2,25
60-64	12 980	17 699	30 679	1,73
65-69	11 783	15 146	26 929	1,52
70+	24 818	39 702	64 520	3,64
unknown	177	147	324

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0-14	316 857	310 174	627 031	35,36
15-64	498 212	556 548	1 054 760	59,48
65+	36 601	54 848	91 449	5,16

Structure of the population (01.07.2011) (Data refer to projections based on the 2001 Population Census) :

Age Group	Male	Female	Total	%
Total	910 404	939 288	1 849 692	100
0-4	108 461	106 926	215 387	11,64
5-9	97 806	96 112	193 918	10,48
10-14	109 426	107 636	217 062	11,74
15-19	102 971	101 321	204 292	11,04
20-24	101 885	100 033	201 918	10,92
25-29	93 334	88 480	181 814	9,83
30-34	79 862	73 897	153 759	8,31
35-39	60 504	56 002	116 506	6,30
40-44	41 205	40 540	81 745	4,42
45-49	26 240	32 925	59 165	3,20
50-54	19 308	31 889	51 197	2,77
55-59	16 707	26 708	43 415	2,35
60-64	13 686	20 196	33 882	1,83
65-69	11 107	15 979	27 086	1,46
70-74	9 003	12 223	21 226	1,15
75+	18 899	28 421	47 320	2,56

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0-14	315 693	310 674	626 367	33,86
15-64	555 702	571 991	1 127 693	60,97
65+	39 009	56 623	95 632	5,17

Ethnic groups

Tswana 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, Kgalagadi 3%, White African 3%, other 1%

Languages

Main article: Languages of Botswana

Tswana 78.2%, Ikalanga 7.9%, Sekgalagadi 2.8%, English 2.1% (official), other 8.6%, unspecified 0.4% (2001 census)

Religions

Main article: Religion in Botswana

Christian 71.6%, Badimo 6%, other 1.4%, Islam 0.3%, Buddhist 0.1%, none 20.6% (2001 census)

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the 2011 CIA World Factbook.

Median age

total: 22.3 years

male: 22.2 years

female: 22.4 years (2011 est.)

Net migration rate

5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.) [1]

note: there is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into Botswana and South Africa in search of better economic opportunities.

Urbanization

Urban population: 60% of total population (2008)

Rate of urbanization: 2.5% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female

total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

Total population: 60.93 years

Male: 61.12 years

Female: 60.75 years (2010 est.)

HIV/AIDS

Main article: HIV/AIDS in Botswana

Adult prevalence rate: 23.9% (2007 est.)

People living with HIV/AIDS: 300,000 (2007 est.)

Deaths due to AIDS: 11,000 (2007 est.)

Major infectious diseases

Degree of risk: high

Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

Vectorborne disease: malaria (2009)

Nationality

Noun: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)

Adjective: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)

Literacy

Definition: age 15 and over can read and write

Total population: 81.2%

Male: 80.4%

Female: 81.8% (2007 est.)

Education expenditure

8.7% of total GDP (2007)

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from the CIA World Factbook document "2009 edition".

• Botswana Demographics 2001 Central Statistics Office (Botswana), Census and Demographic Statistics for the year 2001.