Demographics of Senegal

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This article is about the demographic features of the population of Senegal, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

About 70% of Senegal's population is rural. In rural areas, population density varies from about 77 per square kilometer (200/mile²) in the west-central region to 2 per square kilometer (5/mile²) in the arid eastern section. About 50,000 Europeans (mostly French) and Lebanese and Vietnamese reside in Senegal, mainly in the cities. French is the official language but is used regularly only by the literate minority. Almost all Senegalese speak an indigenous language, of which Wolof has the largest usage. Many Senegalese live in Europe, particularly in France, Italy and Spain.

Population

File:Senegal-demography.png
Demographics of Senegal, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands.

According to the 2010 revision of the World Population Prospects the total population was 12,434,000 in 2010, compared to only 2,416,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 43.7%, 53.9% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.4% was 65 years or older .[1]

Total population (x 1000) Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 2,416 41.6 55.0 3.4
1955 2,684 41.5 55.6 2.9
1960 3,048 41.9 55.5 2.6
1965 3,505 43.0 54.6 2.4
1970 4,096 44.3 53.5 2.3
1975 4,786 45.3 52.5 2.2
1980 5,414 47.2 50.5 2.2
1985 6,232 47.7 50.0 2.3
1990 7,242 47.2 50.4 2.4
1995 8,369 46.2 51.3 2.5
2000 9,506 45.4 52.1 2.5
2005 10,872 44.4 53.1 2.5
2010 12,434 43.7 53.9 2.4

Structure of the population [2]

Structure of the population (19.11.2013) (Census, provisional):

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 6 428 189 6 445 412 12 873 601 100
0-4 969 976 926 832 1 896 808 14,73
5-9 998 659 923 753 1 922 412 14,93
10-14 834 583 762 481 1 597 064 12,41
15-19 689 282 675 617 1 364 899 10,60
20-24 567 280 596 589 1 163 869 9,04
25-29 489 390 543 645 1 033 035 8,02
30-34 406 808 435 091 841 899 6,54
35-39 322 291 344 352 666 643 5,18
40-44 263 253 292 106 555 359 4,31
45-49 201 038 224 843 425 881 3,31
50-54 194 098 211 699 405 797 3,15
55-59 145 668 142 896 288 564 2,24
60-64 126 634 131 308 257 942 2,00
65-69 73 175 72 859 146 034 1,13
70-74 64 071 71 864 135 935 1,06
75-79 36 558 36 262 72 820 0,57
80-84 25 272 29 733 55 005 0,43
85-89 11 591 11 435 23 026 0,18
90-94 5 150 6 783 11 933 0,09
95-99 2 288 3 125 5 413 0,04
100+ 1 119 2 134 3 253 0,03
unknown 5 5 10 0,00
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 2 803 218 2 613 066 5 416 284 42,07
15-64 3 405 742 3 598 146 7 003 888 54,41
65+ 219 224 234 195 453 419 3,52

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events is in Senegal not complete. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [1]

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR*
1950-1955 115,000 68,000 47,000 45.2 26.8 18.4 6.05 131
1955-1960 137,000 73,000 64,000 47.7 25.4 22.3 6.42 128
1960-1965 163,000 82,000 81,000 49.7 24.9 24.8 6.85 123
1965-1970 193,000 92,000 101,000 50.8 24.2 26.6 7.25 117
1970-1975 224,000 100,000 125,000 50.5 22.4 28.1 7.45 108
1975-1980 251,000 99,000 153,000 49.3 19.3 29.9 7.50 99
1980-1985 274,000 93,000 181,000 47.1 16.0 31.0 7.28 89
1985-1990 303,000 92,000 211,000 45.0 13.6 31.4 6.90 80
1990-1995 335,000 98,000 237,000 42.9 12.5 30.3 6.36 72
1995-2000 365,000 104,000 261,000 40.8 11.6 29.2 5.77 66
2000-2005 405,000 108,000 297,000 39.8 10.6 29.2 5.36 60
2005-2010 450,000 111,000 339,000 38.6 9.5 29.1 5.03 55
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Births and deaths [3]

Year Population (x1000) Live births Deaths Natural increase Crude birth rate Crude death rate Rate of natural increase TFR
2009 498 714 138 182 360 532 41,0 11,4 29,6 4,91
2010 456 212 132 218 323 994 36,5 10,6 25,9 4,86
2011 464 464 134 450 330 014 36,2 10,5 25,7
2012 471 629 135 468 336 161 35,7 10,3 25,5
2013 12 874 478 898 136 460 342 438 35,3 10,1 25,2

Fertility and Births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[4]


Year CBR (Total) TFR (Total) CBR (Urban) TFR (Urban) CBR (Rural) TFR (Rural)
1980-82 7,4 6,3 7,9
1983-85 6,6 5,4 7,1
1992-93 40,8 6,03 (5,1) 37,4 5,06 (3,8) 42,9 6,74 (5,9)
1997 37 5,67 (4,6) 31 4,29 (3,2) 42 6,74 (5,6)
1999 36 5,2 30 3,9 40 6,1
2005 39,3 5,3 (4,5) 33,4 4,1 (3,3) 44,0 6,4 (5,7)
2008-2009 37,3 4,9 33,4 4,0 40,1 5,8
2010-2011 37,4 5,0 (3,2) 32,3 3,9 (2,6) 41,6 6,0 (3,8)
2012-2013 38,6 5,3 32,9 4,1 42,7 6,3
2014 37,6 5,0 (3,7) 33,4 4,0 (3,1) 41,6 6,3 (4,4)

Ethnic groups

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Wolof 30.3%, Fula 33.8%, Serer 14.7%, Jola 3.7%, Mandinka 3%, Soninke 1.1%, European, Lebanese and Vietnamese 1%, other 9.4%

Population of Senegal according to ethnic group in 1976 and 1988
Ethnic
group
census 1976 [5] census 1988[6]
Number  % Number  %
Wolof 2,001,416 41.0 2,890,402 42.7
Serer 716,919 14.7 1,009,921 14.9
Peul 605,584 12.4 978,366 14.4
Toucouleur 528,490 10.8 631,892 9.3
Diola 265,353 5.4 357,672 5.3
Mandingue 179,050 3.7 245,651 3.6
Soce 42,751 0.6
Sarakhole 84,102 1.7 113,184 1.7
Bambara 65,096 1.3 91,071 1.3
Maure 59,784 1.2 67,726 1.0
Mandjaag 41,628 0.9 66,605 1.0
Lebou 94,837 1.9 56,758 0.8
Balant 33,915 0.7 54,398 0.8
Malinke 202,472 4.1 28,643 0.4
Mancagne 23,180 0.3
Laobe 18,250 0.3
Bassari 6,195 0.1
Khassonke 1,752 0.0
Coniagui 1,119 0.0
Fula 108 0.0
Other 87,773 1.3
Total 4,879,103 6,773,417

Languages

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French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Serer, Jola, Mandinka

Religion

Islam is the predominant religion, practiced by 95.4 percent of the country's population;[7] the Christian community, at 4.2 percent of the population, includes Roman Catholics and diverse Protestant denominations. There is also a 0.4% [7] population who maintain Traditional African religion such as Serer religion in their beliefs, particularly in the southeastern region of the country.

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[8]

Gender ratio

At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
Under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/females
Total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

Total population

59.78 years (2011 est.)
59.25 years (2006 est.)

Male

57.85 years (2011 est.)
57.7 years (2006 est.)

Female

61.77 years (2011 est.)
60.85 years (2006 est.)

Nationality


noun: Senegalese (singular and plural)
adjective: Senegalese

Literacy

Total population: 39.3%

Male: 51.1%

Female: 29.2% (2002 est.)

See also

References

pt:Senegal#Demografia