Dichlorine heptoxide

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Dichlorine heptoxide
Dichlorine heptoxide.svg
Dichlorine-heptoxide-3D-balls.png
Names
IUPAC name
Dichlorine heptoxide
Other names
Chlorine(VII) oxide; Perchloric anhydride; (Perchloryloxy)chlorane trioxide
Identifiers
10294-48-1 YesY
ChEBI CHEBI:52356 YesY
ChemSpider 109884 YesY
Jmol 3D model Interactive image
PubChem 123272
  • InChI=1S/Cl2O7/c3-1(4,5)9-2(6,7)8 YesY
    Key: SCDFUIZLRPEIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N YesY
  • InChI=1/Cl2O7/c3-1(4,5)9-2(6,7)8
    Key: SCDFUIZLRPEIIH-UHFFFAOYAG
  • O=Cl(=O)(=O)OCl(=O)(=O)=O
Properties
Cl2O7
Molar mass 182.901 g/mol
Appearance colorless oil
Density 1900 kg m−3
Melting point −91.57 °C (−132.83 °F; 181.58 K)
Boiling point 82 °C (180 °F; 355 K)
Vapor pressure {{{value}}}
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
YesY verify (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Dichlorine heptoxide is the chemical compound with the formula Cl2O7. This chlorine oxide is the anhydride of perchloric acid. It is produced by the careful distillation of perchloric acid in the presence of the dehydrating agent phosphorus pentoxide:[1]

2 HClO4 + P4O10 → Cl2O7 + H2P4O11

The chlorine(VII) oxide can be distilled off from the mixture.

It may also be formed by illumination on mixtures of chlorine and ozone.[2] It slowly hydrolyzes back to perchloric acid, which is also hazardous when anhydrous.

Structure

Cl2O7 is an endothermic molecule, meaning it is intrinsically unstable.

2 Cl2O7 → 2 Cl2 + 7 O2 (ΔH = −135 kJ/mol)

Cl2O7 is bent with Cl-O-Cl angle of 118.6° giving the molecule C2 symmetry. The terminal Cl-O distances are 1.709 Å and the Cl=O distances are 1.405 Å.[1] In this compound, chlorine exists in its highest formal oxidation state of +7, although the bonding in this molecule is significantly covalent.

Chemistry

Dichlorine heptoxide reacts with primary and secondary amines in carbon tetrachloride solution to yield N-perchloryls:[3]

2 RNH
2
+ Cl
2
O
7
→ 2 RNHClO
3
+ H
2
O
2 R
2
NH
+ Cl
2
O
7
→ 2 R
2
NClO
3
+ H
2
O

It also reacts with alkenes to give alkyl perchlorates. For example, it reacts with propene in carbon tetrachloride solution to yield isopropyl perchlorate and 1-chloro-2-propyl perchlorate.[4]

Dichlorine heptoxide is a strongly acidic oxide, and in solution it forms an equilibrium with perchloric acid.

Safety

Although it is the most stable chlorine oxide, Cl2O7 is a strong oxidizer as well as an explosive that can be set off with flame or mechanical shock, or by contact with iodine.[5] Nevertheless, it is less strongly oxidising than the other chlorine oxides, and does not attack sulfur, phosphorus, or paper when cold.[1] It has the same effects on the human body as elemental chlorine, and requires the same precautions.[6]

References

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