Eagle Farm Airport

Eagle Farm Airport
IATA: none – ICAO: none
Summary
Airport type	Military/Public
Location	Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Built	1925, expanded in 1942
In use	1925–1988
Coordinates
Map
Eagle Farm Airport Location in Queensland

Eagle Farm Airport was a small airport located 6 km (3.7 mi) north-east of Brisbane in the suburb of Eagle Farm, Queensland, Australia.

History

An area located near Eagle Farm Racecourse was initially used as a landing field in 1922 and Eagle Farm Aerodrome was officially opened in 1925. It was used for scheduled flights between Brisbane and Queensland regional centres by the Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services Limited (Qantas), which operated from Eagle Farm in 1926 and formed the Brisbane Flying Training School there in 1927.

Sir Charles Kingsford Smith, Charles Ulm, Harry Lyon (navigator) and James Warner (radio operator) landed the Southern Cross at Eagle Farm on 9 June 1928 after its trans-Pacific flight from Oakland, California. About 16,000 people greeted the Southern Cross upon its landing.

The Australian National Airways (ANA) began an aerial service from Eagle Farm to Sydney, New South Wales in 1930. Eagle Farm was closed in 1931 after civil operations were relocated to Archerfield Airport.

Sir Charles Kingsford Smith and Gordon Taylor took off from Eagle Farm airport on 20 October 1934 in the Lady Southern Cross attempting the first eastward trans-Pacific flight from Australia to the United States of America.

World War II

The aerodrome was compulsorily acquired and taken over by the Royal Australian Air Force on 8 March 1940.

Eagle Farm was extended and reopened in January 1942, during World War II by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF), due to the proximity to the Brisbane River. The aerodrome was used as a reassembly and test airfield for aircraft shipped from the United States.

A testing area was built at Eagle Farm to test Allison engines that had been assembled or overhauled at the GMH Allison Overhaul Assembly Plant at Albion, Queensland.

The Allied Technical Air Intelligence Unit (ATAIU) of the Allied Air Forces utilised Hangar No. 7 at Eagle Farm to test and to train in captured Imperial Japanese aircraft.

Allied Technical Air Intelligence Unit (ATAIU)

At the time of the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbour and the outbreak of the Pacific War on 7 December 1941, Allied forces had virtually no knowledge of Japanese aircraft or their performance capabilities.

To sort out this dilemma became the responsibility of the Allied Technical Air Intelligence Unit (ATAIU) under the command of General MacArthur.

The unit gathered crashed and captured Japanese planes, superior to anything in the Allied air forces, and rebuilt them to fly over Brisbane so engineers could develop new aircraft to match them. The Eagle Farm unit eventually rebuilt at least 30 aircraft. Japanese flight instruments were replaced by US instruments, engine instruments were retained and US radio equipment and oxygen system replaced the Japanese types.

Captain Frank T. McCoy Jr. and Technical Sergeant Francis 'Fran' Williams headed up a 'Materiel Section' to evaluate captured Japanese equipment. Williams suggested a series of simple code names. Japanese fighter aircraft were given male names, bombers were given female names and transport aircraft were given names starling with the letter T. The coding system became known as MacArthur Southwest Pacific Code Name System. McCoy's group became responsible for producing code names and associated silhouettes for aircraft identification.

McCoy, Williams and others initially used their own names for aircraft, then went to relatives and friends for more names. The bomber Louise was named after Frank McCoy's wife and June was named after his daughter. Flight Sergeant George Rimmington RAAF, was the ATAIU’s technical illustrator. He produced silhouette drawings for aircraft recognition. His name George was used to identify the Kawanishi N1K-J Navy interceptor fighter.

On 9 October 1942, Lieutenant Clyde Gessel was assigned as the Enemy Equipment Engineer. In early 1943, he was notified Australian Infantry soldiers had encountered what appeared to be a new type of Japanese aircraft at Buna airfield in New Guinea. Gessel flew to Port Moresby to recover the aircraft and by 24 February 1943 the remains of five wrecked aircraft were used to build a single flyable 'Zeke 32', a variation of the Japanese Zero.

Captain William Farrior was the first to fly the rebuilt Zeke 32 at Eagle Farm, for 30 minutes, on 20 July 1943. To help produce identification photographs the Zero was painted in Japanese colours and flown around Brisbane with an escort. By 10 August 1943, ATAIU had flown the Zero six times.

Mock dogfights between the Zero and a Mk V Spitfire were carried out at Eagle Farm on 14, 17 and 18 August 1943. The Zero proved better than the Spitfire below 20,000 feet. Japanese planes were lighter, the Zeke 32 and the Oscar using a single piece wing rather than two wings attached at heavy wing root plates and the fuselages had holes drilled in the ribs to lighten them.

Three Nakajima Ki.43 Oscars were used to rebuild a single flyable Oscar, the Japanese work horse of the air. Its tail number XJ002 signified it was the second aircraft rebuilt at Hangar 7, while XJ denoted the status – Experimental Japanese.

Units based at Eagle Farm Aerodrome

• 8th Fighter Group, 6 March – 29 July 1942 P-39 Airacobra
• 35th Fighter Group, 1 February 1942 – March 1942 P-39 Airacobra, Curtiss P-40

Headquarters and the 70th Fighter Squadron sailed for Australia on 12 January 1942. Three days later all the combat squadrons were relieved and three others, still in the US, were assigned. Headquarters reached Australia in February 1942 and moved on to India.

• 3d Airdrome Squadron, 1942
• 81st Depot Repair Squadron, August 1942
• 93d Depot Repair Squadron
• 15th Weather Squadron, 1944
• 126th Signal Radio Intelligence Company (US Army), 23 March 1943 – July 1944
• 28th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron, 1 February 1943 – 31 March 1944

Post war

After World War II, Ansett ANA and Trans Australia Airlines moved their operations to Eagle Farm.

By the 1970s it was clear that the facilities at Eagle Farm were inadequate for a city of Brisbane's size and anticipated growth. The Federal Government announced the construction of a new airport to be built north of Eagle Farm. The new airport was built by Leighton Holdings and Brisbane Airport opened in 1988.

Aircraft crashes

A number of aircraft crashed at Eagles Farm during World War II.

• 25 November 1942 – Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force, Curtiss-Wright CW-22 Falcon
• 14 January 1943 – USAAF, B-25C Mitchell, Serial Number #41-12438
• 28 March 1943 – USAAF, B-25C Mitchell, Serial Number #42-32314
• 23 April 1943 – USAAF, B-25C Mitchell, Serial Number #41-12496
• 12 July 1943 – USAAF, Curtiss-Wright CW-22B, Serial Number #65-3765
• 21 July 1943 – ATIU, captured A6M3 "Hamp"
• 18 September 1945 – USAAF, C-47A Dakota, Serial Number #42-23485

See also

• United States Army Air Forces in Australia (World War II)
• List of airports in Queensland

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Air Force Historical Research Agency.

• OzatWar website
• Queensland Government Heritage Listing
• USAF Historical Research Agency Document Search
• USAF Historical Research Agency Document Search
• Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units Of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-89201-092-4.