Non-canonical books referenced in the Bible

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The non-canonical books in this article include Biblical apocrypha and Deuterocanonical books (which are accepted as part of the Biblical canon by most non-Protestant Christians), pseudepigrapha, writings from Hellenistic and other non-Biblical cultures, and lost works of known or unknown status. For the purposes of this article, referenced can mean direct quotations, paraphrases, or allusions, which in some cases are known only because they have been identified as such by ancient writers, or the citation of a work or author.

Hebrew Bible references

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The Hebrew Bible, also known as the Tanakh by Jews, and called the Old Testament by Christians, or the Protocanonical books.

Deuterocanonical references

Book of Tobit

Sirach[17] (verse numbers vary slightly between versions)

2 Maccabees

New Testament references

Nestle's Greek New Testament lists some 132 New Testament passages that appear to be verbal allusions to paracanonical books.[19]

Pagan authors quoted or alluded to:[20][21]

  • Menander, Thais 218 (1 Cor. 15:33)
  • Epimenides (and later Aratus, Phaenomena 5), (Acts 17:28). Paul introduced another quotation from Epimenides (de Oraculis) by calling him a prophet of the Cretans (Titus 1:12–13). see Epimenides paradox.

Non canonical books quoted or alluded to:[20]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Sometimes called The Book of the Wars of Yahweh. One source says "The quotation is in lyrical form, so it is possibly a book of poetry or a hymnal...Moses quoted it, so the date of its composition must have been prior to the completion of the Pentateuch, perhaps during the wanderings in the wilderness. Nothing else is known about it, and it survives only in Moses’ quotation."[1]
  2. ↑ Also called The Book of Statutes or 3 Samuel.
  3. ↑ Also called The Book of the Acts of Solomon
  4. ↑ Also called The Book of the Annals of King David or The Chronicles of King David, which could be a reference to the rest of 1 Chronicles.[2]
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 [3]
  6. ↑ . could be a reference to 2 Samuel
  7. ↑ Also called Gad the Seer or The Acts of Gad the Seer
  8. ↑ Also called The Prophesy of Ahijah the Shilonite [4].
  9. ↑ Also called The Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah.
  10. ↑ Also called The Book of Jehu the son of Hanani
  11. ↑ Also called Midrash on the Book of Kings
  12. ↑ Also called The Vision of the Prophet Isaiah. May be identical to the pseudepigraphal Ascension of Isaiah. May also refer to the existing Book of Isaiah
  13. ↑ [5]
  14. ↑ Also called The Acts of the Seers
  15. ↑ Also called The Book of Records of the Chronicles or The Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Media and Persia
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 See footnote to the Biblical passage in The Jerusalem Bible, Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, 1966
  17. ↑ Other names include: Ecclesiasticus or Wisdom of Jesus Ben Sira
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ A general introduction to the Bible: from ancient tablets to modern translations By David Ewert,77
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 James & Jude, Gary Holloway, 140
  21. ↑ The Old Testament pseudepigrapha and the New Testament: prolegomena for the, James H. Charlesworth
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 [6]
  23. ↑ [7]
  24. ↑ Martin, Ralph P. 2 Corinthians Word Biblical Commentary 40,
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