Education in West Bengal

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Education in West Bengal is provided by both the public sector as well as the private sector. The modern education system was developed by the British missionaries and the Indian social reformists. West Bengal has many reputed institutes of higher education like – Amity University, Indian Institute of Management Calcutta (the first IIM), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (the first IIT), Bengal Engineering and Science University (2nd oldest engineering institution in India), Jadavpur University (first to introduce chemical engineering and numerous other interdisciplinary studies in India ), Presidency College, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, Indian Statistical Institute and Visva-Bharati University.

History

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Kolkata has played a pioneering role in the development of the modern education system in India. Western models of education came to India through Kolkata. Many of the first schools and colleges were established by the missionaries and reformists. Sir William Jones (philologist) established the Asiatic Society in 1784 for promoting oriental studies. People like Ram Mohan Roy, David Hare, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Shashi Bhusan Chatterjee, and William Carey played a leading role in the setting up of modern schools and colleges in the city. The Fort William College was established in 1800. The Hindu College was established in 1817. In 1855 the Hindu College was renamed as the Presidency College.

William Carey established the Serampore College, Serampore (20 km from Calcutta) in 1819. It went on to become India's first modern university in 1827 when it was incorporated by a Royal Charter as a Danish University. Although it had the charter, it was not technically a university in the modern sense of that term.The Sanskrit College was established in 1824. Reverend Alexander Duff of the Church of Scotland established the General Assembly's Institution in 1830 and later the Free Church Institution in 1844, which were later merged to form what is now known as the Scottish Church College, Calcutta. These institutions played a significant role in what came to be known as the Young Bengal Movement and the Bengal Renaissance. La Martiniere Calcutta was established in 1836. John Bethune established a school for Indian girls in 1850 at a time when women's education was frowned upon in the society. The Bethune College for girls was set up by him in 1879.

The oldest medical school in Asia, the Calcutta Medical College was set up in 1835. In 1857, the University of Calcutta was established as the first full-fledged multi-disciplinary university in south Asia. It was modelled on the lines of the University of London. Today it is amongst the largest multidisciplinary universities of India and offers some of the widest number of academic disciplines for study. In 1856 technical and engineering education came with the establishment of a civil engineering college / department. This setup went through various reorganisations to finally become the Bengal Engineering College in 1921. The Jesuit administered St Xavier's College was established in 1860. In 1906, the partition of Bengal led to widespread nationalistic and anti British feelings. This led to the setting up of the National Council of Education, Bengal. This later on became the Jadavpur University in 1955. The nation's first homoeopathy college was established in the city in 1880. In 1883 Kadambini Ganguly and Chandramukhi Basu became the first women graduates from the University of Calcutta.In the process, they became the first female graduates of the British Empire. Kadambini went on to become the first female physician trained in the Western system of medicine in South Asia. The Science College was established in 1917. The first blind school came into being in 1925.

After independence, Calcutta continued to be in the forefront of the educational scene. The Government College of Art & Craft was established in 1951. The Rabindra Bharati University was established in 1962. This university offers courses in the fine and performing arts. The Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management was set up in 1953 as the country's first management institute and is also the first in the country to offer an MBA degree of a university. The first, Indian Institute of Technology was set up at Kharagpur about 120 km from Calcutta. In 1960 the Regional Engineering college (presently National Institute of Technology) at Durgapur was set up. It is amongst the top NITs in India and also among the oldest. Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, the first among the prestigious Indian Institutes of Management, was set up in 1961 at Joka. It was the first national institute for post-graduate studies and research in management sciences. It was established with the help of the MIT Sloan School of Management and the Ford Foundation.

Structure

West Bengal schools are run by the state government or by private organisations, including religious institutions. Instruction is mainly in English or Bengali, though Urdu is also used, especially in Central Kolkata. The secondary schools are affiliated with the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE), the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE), the National Institute of Open School (NIOS) or the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education. Under the 10+2+3 plan, after completing secondary school, students typically enroll for 2 years in a junior college, also known as pre-university, or in schools with a higher secondary facility affiliated with the West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education or any central board. Students choose from one of three streams, namely liberal arts, commerce or science. Upon completing the required coursework, students may enroll in general or professional degree programs.

Major universities

Ashutosh Building of the University of Calcutta at the College Street campus
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Jorasanko Thakur Bari where Rabindra Bharati University, a state university established in 1962, is located
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West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences is a legal education state university established in 2004.

In West Bengal there are one central university, twenty four state universities, seven private universities and one deemed university. Besides, there are three Regional Centres of IGNOU at Siliguri, Kolkata and Raghunathganj and one Sub - Regional Centre of IGNOU at Darjeeling.

Universities of West Bengal
University Location Type Established Specialization Sources
Adamas University Barasat Private 2014 General
Amity University New Town, Kolkata Private 2015 General
Aliah University Kolkata State 2007 General [1]
Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya Haringhata State 1974 Agriculture [2]
Bankura University Bankura State 2013 General [3]
Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University Cooch Behar State 2013 General [4]
Diamond Harbour Women's University Diamond Harbour State 2012 General (for Women) [5]
IGNOU Regional Centre Siliguri Central 2004 Distance education [6]
Jadavpur University Kolkata State 1955 General [7]
JIS University Agarpara, Kolkata Private 2015 General
Kazi Nazrul University Asansol State 2012 General [8]
Netaji Subhas Open University Kolkata State 1997 Distance education [9]
Neotia University Kolkata Private 2015 General
Presidency University, Kolkata Kolkata State 2010 General [10]
Rabindra Bharati University Kolkata State 1962 General [11]
Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University Belur Deemed 2005 General [12]
Seacom Skills University Birbhum Private 2014 General
Sidho Kanho Birsha University Purulia State 2010 General [13]
University of Burdwan Bardhaman State 1960 General [14]
University of Calcutta Kolkata State 1857 General [15]
University of Engineering and Management New Town, Kolkata Private 2014 General
University of Gour Banga Malda State 2007 General [16]
University of Kalyani Kalyani State 1960 General [17]
University of North Bengal Siliguri State 1962 General [18]
Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Cooch Behar State 2001 Agriculture [19]
Vidyasagar University Medinipur State 1981 General [20]
Visva-Bharati University Santiniketan Central 1951 General [21]
West Bengal State University Barasat State 2007 General [22]
West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences Kolkata State 2004 Legal [23]
West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences Kolkata State 1995 Veterinary science [24]
West Bengal University of Health Sciences Kolkata State 2002 Medical [25]
West Bengal University of Technology Kolkata State 2001 Technology [26]
Techno India University Kolkata Private 2012 Technology [27]
St. Xavier's College Kolkata Private 2006 General [28]

Research Institutes

Research Institutes of West Bengal
Institute Location Established Specialization Sources
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata 1950 Science [29]
Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata 1876 Science
Amity University Kolkata 2008 as Amity Global Business School, 2015 as Amity University Science, Management , Tourism, Architecture, Engineering and more. [30]
S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Kolkata 1986 Science [31]
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata 2006 Science [32]
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 1951 Science and Technology [33]
Bose Institute Kolkata 1917 Science [34]
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre Kolkata Science [35]
Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Kolkata 1950 Science and Technology [36]
Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata 1935 Science [37]
Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute Durgapur 1958 Science and Technology [38]
Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute Kolkata 1959 Science [39]
National Institute of Biomedical Genomics Kalyani 2010 Science [40]
Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibers Kolkata Science and Technology [41]
Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata 1931 Science [42]
Indian Centre for Space Physics Kolkata 1999 Science [43]
National Institute of Research on Jute and Allied Fibre Technology Kolkata 1938 Science and Technology [44]

See also

References

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