Emily Austin Perry

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Emily Austin Perry (June 22, 1795 – 1851) was an early settler of Texas[1] and sole heir to Stephen F. Austin.[2] She achieved significant political, economic and social status as a woman in Texas at a time when women were often not treated equal to men.

File:Emily Austin Perry.jpg
Emily Austin Perry, Courtesy of the Brazoria County Historical Museum. This is a photo of a canvas portrait of Emily Austin Perry. The location of the original canvas is presently uncertain.

Education

Perry attended Mrs. Beck's Boarding School[3] in Lexington, Kentucky from October 1804 until December 1808,[4][5] then two years at the Hermitage Academy[6] located on the Hudson River to further her education.[7]

First marriage and children

Perry married James Bryan (1788–1822) in Potosi, also known as "Mine á Breton"[8] or "Mine au Breton."[9] The two lived with Emily’s parents at their home called Durham Hall, in Missouri, from 1813–1814. In 1815, they moved to Hazel Run, Missouri, and also later to Herculaneum, Missouri. Emily and James Bryan had five children:

  • Stephen Austin Bryan was born on July 17, 1814 in Durham Hall, Missouri. He died on August 12, 1814 in Durham Hall, Missouri.
  • William Joel Bryan was born on December 14, 1815 in Hazel Run, Saint Genevieve, Missouri. He died on March 13, 1903.
  • Moses Austin Bryan was born on September 25, 1817 in Herculaneum, Jefferson County, Missouri. He died on March 16, 1895 in Brenham, Texas.
  • Guy Morrison Bryan was born on January 12, 1821 in Herculaneum, Jefferson County, Missouri. He died on June 4, 1901 in Austin, Travis County, Texas.
  • Mary Elizabeth Bryan was born on July 5, 1822 in Herculaneum, Jefferson County, Missouri. She died on August 4, 1833.

James Bryan (Emily’s first husband) died on July 16, 1822, in Potosi, Missouri. Perry supported her family by taking in boarders[4][10] and teaching at a school in Hazel Run, Missouri.[10]

Second marriage and children

On September 23, 1824, Perry married her second husband, James Franklin Perry.[5] Emily and James Franklin Perry had six children:

  • Stephen Samuel Perry (Born June 24, 1825 in Potosi, Missouri; died September 5, 1874 in Brazoria, Texas).[11]
  • Emily Rosanna Perry (Born September 24, 1826 in Potosi, Missouri; died December 6, 1827 in Potosi, Missouri).[12]
  • Eliza Margaret Perry (Born January 3, 1828 in Potosi, Missouri; died January 3, 1862 in Austin, Texas).[13]
  • James Elijah Brown Perry (Born May 17, 1830 in Potosi, Missouri; died February 14, 1831 in Chocolate Bayou, Texas).[14]
  • Henry Austin Perry (Born November 17, 1831 at Chocolate Bayou, Texas; died September 10, 1853 in Biloxi, Mississippi).[15]
  • Cecilia Perry (Born December 10, 1835 at Peach Point Plantation; died June 8, 1836 at Peach Point Plantation).[16]

Of her eleven total children, six would live to adulthood. On June 7, 1831, the family, composed of Emily and James Perry, four Bryan children, and Stephen Perry, began the long move from Potosi, Missouri, to Texas.[5]

First year in Texas: San Felipe de Austin and Chocolate Bayou

Emily and most of her family (including Samuel Stephen and Eliza Margaret) arrived at San Felipe de Austin, Texas, on August 14, 1831.[5] Her son, Moses Austin Bryan, had arrived in Texas some months before his parents, on January 2, 1831.[17]:96[18] Emily and the younger children remained in San Felipe de Austin for several months, and then the family lived for about one year on the Chocolate Bayou producing sugar and cotton.[19]

Remaining years in Texas: Peach Point Plantation

Perry, her husband, and her children settled in Jones Creek, Texas, in present day Brazoria County, Texas and developed Peach Point Plantation also known as "Peach Point"; she lived at Peach Point until she died in 1851.[5]

Rutherford B. Hayes

Perry interacted with Rutherford B. Hayes during his visit to Peach Point Plantation in 1848. Hayes wrote in a letter that Perry was, "an excellent motherly sort of woman, whose happiness consists in making others happy."[20] Hayes also wrote in a letter to his mother that, "instead of having the care of one family, [Emily] is the nurse, physician, and spiritual adviser of a whole settlement of careless slaves. She feels it is her duty to see to their comfort when sick or hurt."[21] Some historians argue that Perry's relatively/comparatively favorable treatment of slaves can be generalized to other holders of the time period, while others question whether this generalization is reasonable.

Though they may not themselves have known when they met, Perry was also, via shared descent from Anthony Austin and Esther Huggins, a third cousin once removed of U.S. President Rutherford B. Hayes.[22]

Sole heir to Stephen F. Austin

Perry was the sole heir to Stephen Fuller Austin following his death.[2][23] Half the estate went to her immediately and half the "entire estate reverted to Emily" in 1837 upon the death of Brown Austin's eight-year-old son, who happened to be named Stephen F. Austin, Jr.[23] Everything was bequeathed not in James Perry's name and not to her sons, but to Perry, a woman, in 1836.[2] Transferred by bequest, all of Stephen F. Austin's possessions, property and land became Perry's separate property, and not community property. In fact, Perry was meticulous to ensure the Austin estate proceeds, books, and operations were not commingled,[17] thus maintaining their legal characterization as her separate property, rather than community property with her husband (even though her husband, James F. Perry, was executor of Austin's estate).[23]

Wealth

Accordingly, Perry was one of the largest Texas individual landholders and irrefutably the wealthiest woman in Texas.[7] She was actively involved in management of the Austin estate, including investments and land,[17]:164–5, 196–7 actively involved in a time where male signatures were still required on contracts and women could not vote.[24]

Support of land planning, railroads, and industry

Perry was very involved in the urban planning and settling land. For example, she was one of the founders of the San Luis Company, which managed the development of San Luis, including the initial sale of 450 lots, development of streets, building a bridge, and construction of a lighthouse.[17]:177

Perry raised capital and invested in the first attempt[17]:176 to build a railroad in Texas: The Brazos and Galveston Railroad Company, chartered by the Congress of the Republic of Texas, on May 24, 1838.[17]:176[25] The rail was initially to go from Galveston Bay to the Brazos River, and later plans were for the rail to go from San Luis Island instead of Galveston Bay.[17]:176[26] She was the largest shareholder of the first railroad company in Texas.[7] Perry was at the helm of the development and planning of San Luis.

Perry not only owned the league of land which contained Dollar Point, she also managed the development of the town of Austinia, located within that league.[25] Austinia is known in the present day as Texas City.

Perry loaned money to Gail Borden (as in the founder/pioneer of Borden Milk Products) to buy his first herd of cows.[7]

Support of religion

Perry played a key role in founding the first Episcopal Church in Texas. In 1848, she donated to a visitor to Peach Point, Episcopal Bishop George Washington Freeman of Arkansas, in order to help launch the Episcopal Diocese of Texas.[17]:201 In addition, she paid to underwrite Leonidas Polk's trip to Texas from Louisiana.[17]:201 Polk was the Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Louisiana and later served as a General in the American Civil War, ultimately having Fort Polk named in his honor. Perry also donated the land on which the Union Church Building was originally built; this one structure served as a prayer center for Methodists, the Episcopalians, and the Presbyterians.[27]

Support of education

Perry paid Thomas J. Pilgrim to teach her children;[17]:115[28] Pilgrim started the all-boys school, Austin Academy,[29] in 1829, which was the first school in Texas. Austin Academy had about 40 students.[29]

Perry deeded 1,500 acres (6.1 km2) of land for the support and founding of Austin College.[17]:184 In addition, she directed monies owed by the State of Texas to the Austin estate to Austin College. Perry agreed to support her family friend and Austin College Founder Reverend Daniel Baker (who had been Pastor of the Washington, DC Presbyterian church attended by Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams); she supported Baker in his pursuit of expanding religious foundations and education in Texas.[17]:183

Geographic names

Perry's children and their progeny also played important roles in Texas history and the development of the State.[30] The surnames of Emily's first husband, James Bryan, and her second husband, James Perry, are each geographic names in Texas. For example, Bryan, Texas is the location of Texas A&M University; Perry's Landing[31][32][33] is located in Brazoria County.

James and Emily Austin Perry Papers

Professor of History, Light Townsend Cummins, of Austin College, the official Historian of the State of Texas at the time of this writing, points out that despite her important participation in and contributions to Texas history, there is no collection of letters archived under Emily's name; rather, the collection archived in the 1930s was titled for her husband and son, "the James F. and Stephen S. Perry Papers." Cummins, who has reviewed the papers housed at the Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin, notes that this collection includes "as much of Emily's letters, documents, and papers as those of her husband and son."[17]:227- FN5 Cummins points out that the archive was named in the 1930s, and were they named under archiving standards in 2009, they would very likely instead have been called, "The James and Emily Austin Perry Papers."[17]:227- FN5

Death

Perry is buried at Gulf Prairie Cemetery at the site of the present day historical marker in her honor,[34] and beside her brother, Stephen F. Austin.[35] (Stephen F. Austin's remains were moved to Austin, Texas in 1910).[36] An obituary at the time reflects that "Funeral services were performed by the Rev. Mr. Phillips, of the Methodist Episcopal church."[35]

Historical marker

In 1986, as part of the Texas Sesquicentennial, an historical marker was commissioned in recognition of Perry's contribution to Texas history.[37]

Austin-Bryan-Perry family reunion

Each year, descendants of the Austin, Bryan, and Perry families from across the country gather in Jones Creek for reunion in celebration of Perry's life and her birthday.[5] The Daughters of the Republic of Texas, Volume 1, states that on her birthday more than 200 met to "rise up and call her blessed",[4] (applying to Perry the language from the poem, Eishes Chayil (אשת חיל), "A Woman of Valor",[38] with which King Solomon concludes the Book of Proverbs).

Name variations

Perry is recorded in history by a variety of names which encompass her maiden name, her first marriage name, her second marriage name, a middle initial, and her mother's maiden name. These include:

In addition to the above, there are still other references to Emily by just her first name, as well as references without use of her given, marital or personal name, i.e. "and wife" or "his wife," "Miss", "Mrs." and "Ms." all of which are not here provided.

Penmanship style

Perry had a unique penmanship style. Her penmanship style from letters and writings were reduced to a single typeset font for word processing purposes. The Emily Austin font has been used in actual published literature.[93]

Past family

Perry and her brother, Stephen F. Austin, themselves descended from several noteworthy people including: Moses Austin (father—biography published by Trinity University Press),[94] Abia Brown (grandfather), Joseph Sharp (great grandfather), Isaac Sharp (great, great grandfather), Anthony Sharp (great, great, great grandfather—biography published by Stanford University Press).[95] Accordingly, history records noteworthy social contribution in each generation of Perry's family dating back to the early 17th century.

Some additional background, Perry's father, Moses was the son of Elias Austin & Eunice Phelps; Elias was the son of Richard Austin & Dorothy Adams; Richard was the son of Anthony Austin & Esther Huggins, Jacob Adams & Anna Allen; Richard Austin & Elizabeth Betsy Austin (born 1610),[96] John Huggins & Bridget Green (gave birth to Esther Huggins),[96] Robert Adams & Eleanor ___, Nicholas Allen & Martha Allen (gave birth to Anna Allen).[22]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 http://magazine.austincollege.edu/sep08/emilyaustin.htm
  3. ↑ "The Higher Education of Women in the Ohio Valley", Ohio archaeological and historical quarterly, Volume 25, By Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, p. 3
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Daughters of Republic of Texas, Volume 1 By Turner Publishing Company, p. 218
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ The colonizer: a sage of Stephen F. Austin By Milton Cook Tracy, Richard Havelock-Bailie, p. 255
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Foley, William E., The Genesis of Missouri: From Wilderness Outpost to Statehood, p. 90
  9. ↑ http://washington.mogenweb.org/mabhs.html Retrieved May 19, 2010.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ 17.00 17.01 17.02 17.03 17.04 17.05 17.06 17.07 17.08 17.09 17.10 17.11 17.12 17.13 17.14 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ http://www.sanjacinto-museum.org/Herzstein_Library/Veteran_Biographies/San_Jacinto_Bios/biographies/default.asp?action=bio&id=2948
  19. ↑ http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hnc54
  20. ↑ The Trip to Texas p. 248 http://www.ohiohistory.org/onlinedoc/hayes/chapteriv.html
  21. ↑ The Trip to Texas, January 1, 1849, (p. 255) http://www.ohiohistory.org/onlinedoc/hayes/chapteriv.html.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 http://www.newenglandancestors.org/research/services/articles_4362.asp
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Cantrell, Gregg (2001), Stephen F. Austin: Empresario of Texas, p. 381, Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-09093-2
  24. ↑ http://theautry.org/explore/exhibits/suffrage/minnie_full.html
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hva33
  26. ↑ "Railroad Enterprise in Texas, 1836–1841," Southwestern Historical Quarterly 47 (April 1944).
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 http://www.brazoriafumc.org/fumcstory.html
  28. ↑ http://www.cemetery.state.tx.us/pub/user_form.asp?pers_id=401
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 http://www.tamu.edu/ccbn/dewitt/innerresidents3o-z2.htm
  30. ↑ http://tsr.4101.org/markers/brazoria/78.html
  31. ↑ http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hvpcw
  32. ↑ http://texas.hometownlocator.com/tx/brazoria/perry-landing.cfm
  33. ↑ http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00543/cah-00543.html
  34. ↑ http://www.bchm.org/Photos/p2327.html
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 The Weekly News, Sept. 2, 1851, Galveston http://files.usgwarchives.net/tx/brazoria/obits/perry-emily.txt Retrieved on March 1, 2010
  36. ↑ http://www.brazosport.org/index.asp?pg=bpis
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 http://www.texas-settlement.org/markers/brazoria/78.html
  38. ↑ Proverbs 31:28
  39. ↑ http://www.amazon.com/Emily-Austin-Texas-1795-1851-Biography/dp/0875653510
  40. ↑ http://www.kxii.com/community/headlines/44324287.html
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 Bryan v. Kennett, 113 U.S. 179 (1885) Justia.com
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 http://files.usgwarchives.net/tx/brazoria/land/abstract.txt
  43. ↑ http://donnerproperties.com/pdf/donner-properties-site-pdf-download.pdf
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 Burlage, John and Hollingsworth, John Brian. (1859) Abstract of valid land claims: compiled from the records of the General Land Office, Court of Claims,, Printed by John Marshall and Company at the State Gazette Office, Austin, Texas, p. 649.
  45. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
  46. ↑ http://www.bchm.org/gene/d0000/g0000615.html
  47. ↑ Tracy, Milton Cook and Havelock-Braile, Milton, The Colonizer: a Sage of Stephen F. Austin, 1941, p. 254
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 http://www.sanjacinto-museum.org/Herzstein_Library/Manuscripts/Finding_Aids/HB_Perry/
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00543.xml
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 50.3 http://www.srttexas.org/ancestor%20ai.html
  51. ↑ http://www.historictexas.net/bios/2b/bryan-william-noel.html
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 http://www.bchm.org/holdings/collections/collectiononline/exhibit2/e25213a.htm
  53. ↑ Lost Plantations of the South, Marc Matrana, p.246) ISBN 978-1-57806-942-2
  54. ↑ http://www.gulf-prairie.org/Cemetery.htm
  55. ↑ The Filson Club History Quarterly, Volume 30, (1956) Page 323.
  56. ↑ http://www.entechdesign.com/peachpoint.htm
  57. ↑ Tomerlin, Jacqueline Beretta, (1981), Fugitive letters, 1829–1836: Stephen F. Austin to David G. Burnet,Trinity University Press (San Antonio, Texas) p. 62 ISBN 0-911536-91-4
  58. ↑ http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fbrar
  59. ↑ http://www.sanjacinto-museum.org/Herzstein_Library/Manuscripts/Finding_Aids/Bryan/
  60. ↑ http://carrollscorner.net/SitesWashCo_PerryCemetery.htm
  61. ↑ The County Jails of Texas, Edward J. Blackburn, 2006 p. 44. ISBN 1-58544-308-5
  62. ↑ Haley, James L. (2002) Stephen F. Austin and the Founding of Texas, p. 36, ISBN 0-8239-5738-1
  63. ↑ Texas cattle brands: a catalog of the Texas centennial exposition exhibit, 1936 By Dallas. Texas centennial central exposition, 1936, Gus L. Ford, p. 7
  64. ↑ Gregory S., Jack and Strickland, Rennard, Sam Houston with the Cherokees: 1829–1833, 1995, University of Oklahoma Press, p.5
  65. ↑ http://www.sanbernardriver.com/2008/20080520.htm
  66. ↑ http://www.gulf-prairie.org/Areamuseums.htm
  67. ↑ Wilhelm, Stephen R., Cavalcade of Hooves and Horns, (1958), p. 29
  68. ↑ Endorsement of the Letter from Emily Margaret Perry, Peach Point, to Mr. James F. Perry, Care of Miller & Sumerville, St. Fillip De Austin, May 26, 1835. (sic)
  69. ↑ The Austin Papers, (1928) Volume II, p. 217
  70. ↑ Letter from Emily Margaret Perry, located in Peach Point, to Mr. James F. Perry, Care of Miller & Sumerville, St. Fillip De Austin, May 26, 1835. (sic)
  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 71.2 Cantrell, Gregg (2001), Stephen F. Austin: Empresario of Texas, p. 398, Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-09093-2
  72. ↑ Gregory, Jack and Strickland, Rennard, Sam Houston with the Cherokees: 1829–1833, 1995, University of Oklahoma Press, p. 5 footnote 11 refers to letter from Emily Drennen to Emily Perry, 1829 which was referenced in Friend, Llerena B., Sam Houston: The Great Designer, p.22
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMNNM_Site_of_Austinia
  74. ↑ http://www.bchm.org/holdings/collections/collectiononline/exhibit2/e25215b.htm
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 75.2 http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/huntwild/hunt/wma/find_a_wma/list/?id=41
  76. ↑ Chadwick, Elizabeth, (1992) Bride Fire, p. 234 ISBN 0-7592-4379-4
  77. ↑ http://www.tamu.edu/ccbn/dewitt/slaveryletters.htm#austinemily
  78. ↑ http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fbrat
  79. ↑ http://www.bchm.org/Documents/d3775.html
  80. ↑ http://shs.umsystem.edu/manuscripts/invent/0097.pdf Retrieved June 25, 2013
  81. ↑ Texas: a guide to the Lone Star State By Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of Texas, (1969) pp. 570 and 707
  82. ↑ "Annual Report of the American Historical Association", Volume 029, Number 3, Southwestern Historical Quarterly Online, p. 3
  83. ↑ http://www.sanjacinto-museum.org/Herzstein_Library/Manuscripts/Finding_Aids/EM_Perry/
  84. ↑ http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fau12
  85. ↑ http://www.communityalmanac.org/Herculaneum-MO/Timeline
  86. ↑ http://historianoftexas.blogspot.com/2009_05_01_archive.html
  87. ↑ http://www.historicmarkers.com/tx/46476-Durazno-Plantation
  88. ↑ "J.P. Bryan Authors Article," The Alcade, 1965, p. 31
  89. ↑ http://www.cah.utexas.edu/services/finding_items/txhistoryscope.php
  90. ↑ http://libweb.sfasu.edu/proser/etrc/collections/manuscript/personal/austinstephenf/
  91. ↑ http://www.bchm.org/Photos/p1368.html
  92. ↑ http://www.bchm.org/Photos/p4235.html
  93. ↑ McCourt, Richard M. and Spame, Earle E., (2004) Jefferson's Botanists: Lewis and Clark Discover the Plants of the West, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, p. 25 ISBN 0-910006-59-8
  94. ↑ Gracy, David B., Moses Austin: his life (Trinity University Press, 1987) ISBN 0-911536-84-1
  95. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  96. ↑ 96.0 96.1 http://www.theharmons.us/harmon_t/b970.htm

Further reading

  • Eugene C. Barker, ed., The Austin Papers (3 vols., Washington: GPO, 1924–28).
  • David B. Gracy II, Moses Austin: His Life (San Antonio: Trinity University Press, 1987).
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • James Franklin and Stephen Samuel Perry Papers, Barker Texas History Center, University of Texas at Austin. E. W. Winkler, ed.
  • "The Bryan-Hayes Correspondence," Southwestern Historical Quarterly 25 (October 1921 – April 1922).
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