Emma Irene Åström
Emma Irene Åström (27 April 1847 – 3 July 1934) was a Finnish teacher and Finland's first female university graduate.
Biography
Åström was born in Taivassalo, in the Turku and Pori Province of the Grand Duchy of Finland, in 1847 to Justiina Jakobsson, a servant, and Carl Åström, a surveyor; she was the oldest of five children. In 1853, the family moved to Åland Islands, a Swedish-speaking region of Finland, where Emma Åström was raised to speak Swedish and attended a school in Finström.[1][2] She was sent to the Jyväskylä Teachers' College in 1865 with the persuasion of the local clergy members, and the college's director Uno Cygnaeus served as her unofficial guardian. Encouraged by Ernst Bonsdorff, the school's mathematics teacher, Åström decided to sit the entrance exam to attend a Finnish university. Although Cygnaeus initially refused to support the idea, he arranged for Åström to study at the University of Helsinki through his colleague Casimir von Kothen.[1]
Although a place had been secured for Åström at the University of Helsinki after her graduation from Jyväskylä Teachers' College in 1873, her father's death in 1874 forced her to postpone her university studies as she took up a teaching position at Ekenäs Teachers' College to earn money to support her family. Two years later she returned to university and graduated with a master's degree in philosophy in 1882—making her the first woman in Finland to receive a university degree.[1]
In 1886 Åström returned to Ekenäs Teachers' College, where she worked as a teacher of Swedish, Finnish, and history until 1912.[1] From 1913 to 1924, she taught at a co-educational school and a mission school in Ekenäs. In 1927, she was awarded an honorary Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Helsinki, becoming the first Finnish woman to receive an honorary degree.[2] Although she aspired to return to university for further studies, she "abandon[ed] the thought" since she was obliged to financially support her family. She died in 1934.[2]
Legacy
After graduating from university, Åström became an icon not only for the feminist movement in Finland at the time, but also for Finland's Swedish-speaking population. She was the subject of poems written by Swedish-speaking author Zachris Topelius and the feminist writer Adelaïde Ehrnrooth; Topelius is also said to have modelled a character in his novel Planetarnes skyddslingar (Protégés of the Planets) after her.[1][3] Despite this, Åström once said: "There is no point in calling me a pioneer, because I have never consciously been one."[1]
