Energy in Portugal
Energy in Portugal describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Portugal. Energy policy of Portugal will describe the politics of Portugal related to energy more in detail. Electricity sector in Portugal is the main article of electricity in Portugal.
Contents
Overview
| Energy in Portugal[1] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capita | Prim. energy | Production | Import | Electricity | CO2-emission | |
| Million | TWh | TWh | TWh | TWh | Mt | |
| 2004 | 10.52 | 309 | 45 | 265 | 47.5 | 60.3 |
| 2007 | 10.61 | 292 | 54 | 254 | 51.6 | 55.2 |
| 2008 | 10.62 | 281 | 52 | 249 | 51.2 | 52.4 |
| 2009 | 10.63 | 280 | 57 | 240 | 51.2 | 53.1 |
| 2012 | 10.65 | 268 | 62 | 222 | 51.2 | 48.1 |
| 2012R | 10.58 | 249 | 53 | 212 | 49.8 | 45.9 |
| 2013 | 10.46 | 253 | 67 | 200 | 49.0 | 44.9 |
| Change 2004-09 | 1.0 % | -9.2 % | 25.4 % | -9.3 % | 7.7 % | -11.9 % |
| Mtoe = 11.63 TWh . Prim. energy includes energy losses
2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated |
||||||
Coal
Sines power plant (hard coal) started operation in 1985-1989 in Portugal. According to WWF its CO2 emissions were among the top dirty ones in Portugal in 2007.[2]
Natural gas
Maghreb–Europe Gas Pipeline(MEG) is a natural gas pipeline, from Algeria through Morocco to Andalusia, Spain,
Renewable energy
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EU directive has a binding 31% target of renewables up from 20.5% in 2005. According to the Portuguese National Renewable Energy Action Plan by 2020 electricity will be produced: wind power 23% 14.6 TWh, of which 99% onshore, hydro power 22% 14.1 TWh, biomass 5% 3.52 TWh and photovoltaic solar power 2% 1.5 TWh and concentrated solar power 2% 1 TWh.[3]
Solar
Portugal has surported and increased the solar electricity (Photovoltaic power) and solar thermal energy (solar heating) during 2006-2010. Portugal was 9th in solar heating in the EU and 8th in solar power based on total volume in 2010.
Nuclear power
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There were no nuclear power plants in Portugal as of 2014.
Electricity in Portugal
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Electricity use (gross production + imports – exports – losses) was 51.2 TWh in 2008. Portugal imported 9 TWh electricity in 2008. Population was 10.6 million.[4] In 2014 electricity was generated by 30% hydroelectricity, 27% natural gas, 22% wind, 20% coal and 1% solar.[5]
Wind power
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Portugal produced 11% of electricity with wind power in 2008[6] and had the average year capacity of 14% of wind power in the end 2010. Wind power capacity was 3,357 MW in end 2009 and 3,702 MW in end 2010.[7]
| EU and Portugal Wind Energy Capacity (MW)[8][9][10][11] | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Country | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 |
| - | EU-27 | 105,696 | 93,957 | 84,074 | 74,767 | 64,712 | 56,517 | 48,069 | 40,511 | 34,383 | 28,599 | 23,159 | 17,315 | 12,887 | 9,678 | 6,453 |
| 6 | Portugal | 4,525 | 4,083 | 3,898 | 3,535 | 2,862 | 2,150 | 1,716 | 1,022 | 522 | 296 | 195 | 131 | 100 | 61 | 60 |
Solar power
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Solar electricity production with the photovoltaic arrays is pollution-free. It is easily integrated into the urban environment, close to consumption needs. It does not emit greenhouse gases, it does not dip into finite fossil fuel resources. In Lisbon the energy payback time in the roof top solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is less than 2 years and less than in Sydney, Munich, Athens or Barcelona, but some more than in Madrid, Los Angeles or Ankara.[12]
Transport
The sustainable strategy has been a shift from individual to collective transport within the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (Metro Lisbon (ML), collective buses, Companhia Carris de ferro de Lisboa).
Global warming
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| CO2 emissions in 2009 (million tonnes)[13][14] | ||
|---|---|---|
| CO2 | People (million) | |
| Chile | 66 | 16.8 |
| Belarus | 61 | 9.7 |
| Syria | 57 | 21.2 |
| Turkmenistan | 57 | 5.0 |
| Portugal | 57 | 10.6 |
| Bangladesh | 55 | 160.0 |
| Libya | 55 | 6.3 |
| Serbia | 52 | 7.4 |
| Finland | 52 | 5.3 |
According to Energy Information Administration the CO2 emissions from energy consumption of Portugal were in 2009 56.5 Mt, slightly over Bangladesh with 160 million people and Finland with 5.3 million people.[15] The emissions per capita were (tonnes): Portugal 5.58, India 1.38, China 5.83, Europe 7.14, Russia 11.23, North America 14.19, Singapore 34.59 and United Arab Emirates 40.31.[16]
See also
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References
- ↑ IEA Key World Energy Statistics Statistics 2015, 2014 (2012R as in November 2015 + 2012 as in March 2014 is comparable to previous years statistical calculation criteria, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2006 IEA October, crude oil p.11, coal p. 13 gas p. 15
- ↑ Dirty Thirty WWF 2007
- ↑ EU Energy Policy to 2050 Achieving 80-95% emissions reductions, EWEA March 2011
- ↑ IEA Key energy statistics 2010 Page: 27, 54
- ↑ http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/excel/energy-economics/statistical-review-2015/bp-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2015-workbook.xlsx
- ↑ Pure Power EWEA December 2009
- ↑ EWEA Annual statistics 2010
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- ↑ Wind in power: 2012 European statistics February 2013
- ↑ Compared assessment of selected environmental indicators of photovoltaic electricity in OECD cities European Photovoltaic Industry Association (EPIA) 5/2006
- ↑ CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion
- ↑ IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2011, October, population in the end tables
- ↑ World carbon dioxide emissions data by country: China speeds ahead of the rest Guardian 31 January 2011
- ↑ world carbon dioxide emissions country data co2 Guardian
