Enterohemorrhagic

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli strain (EHEC) is the most common E. coli strain producing disease in U.S. The clinical presentation ranges from a mild and uncomplicated diarrhea to a hemorrhagic colitis with severe abdominal pain. Serotype O157:H7 is the most commonly isolated strain and may trigger an infectious dose with 100 bacterial cells or fewer; other strain such as 104:H4 has also caused an outbreak in Germany 2011. Infections are most common in warmer months and in children under five years of age and are usually acquired from uncooked beef and unpasteurized milk and juice. Initially a non-bloody diarrhea develops in patients after the bacterium attaches to the epithelium or the terminal ileum, cecum, and colon. The subsequent production of toxins mediates the bloody diarrhea. In children, a complication can be hemolytic uremic syndrome which then uses cytotoxins to attack the cells in the gut, so that bacteria can leak out into the blood and cause endothelial injury in locations such as the kidney by binding to globotriasylceramide (Gb3).

References

[1-6]

1. Bardiau, M., M. Szalo, and J.G. Mainil, Initial adherence of EPEC, EHEC and VTEC to host cells. Vet Res, 2010. 41(5): p. 57.

2. Wong, A.R., et al., Enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli: even more subversive elements. Mol Microbiol, 2011. 80(6): p. 1420-38.

3. Tatsuno, I., [Adherence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 to human epithelial cells]. Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi, 2007. 62(2): p. 247-53.

4. Kaper, J.B., J.P. Nataro, and H.L. Mobley, Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Nat Rev Microbiol, 2004. 2(2): p. 123-40.

5. Garcia, A., J.G. Fox, and T.E. Besser, Zoonotic enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli: A One Health perspective. ILAR J, 2010. 51(3): p. 221-32.

6. Shimizu, T., [Expression and extracellular release of Shiga toxin in enterohemorrahgic Escherichia coli]. Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi, 2010. 65(2-4): p. 297-308.