Equisetum hyemale
| Scouring rush | |
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E. hyemale
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| Equisetum hyemale |
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Hippochaete hyemalis (L.) Bruhin |
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Equisetum hyemale, commonly known as rough horsetail,[1] scouring rush, scouringrush horsetail and in South Africa as snake grass, is a perennial herb in the fern Division Pteridophyta.[2] It is a native plant throughout the Holarctic Kingdom, found in North America, Europe, and northern Asia.
Contents
Distribution
In nature Equisetum hyemale grows in mesic (reliably moist) habitats, often in sandy or gravelly areas. It grows from between sea level to 2,530 metres (8,300 ft) in elevation.[3]
It is primarily found in wetlands, and in riparian zones of rivers and streams where it can withstand seasonal flooding.[3] It is also found around springs and seeps, and can indicate their presence when not flowing. Other habitats include moist forest and woodland openings, lake and pond shores, ditches, and marshes and swamps.
Description
Equisetum hyemale has vertical jointed reed-like stalks of medium to dark green. The hollow stems are up to 3 feet (0.91 m) in height. The stems are not branched with conspicuous ridges, impregnated with silica which makes them feel rough and harsh.[4][5][6]
The tiny leaves are joined together around the stem, forming a narrow black-green band or sheath at each joint. Like other ferns and their relatives, the plant reproduces by spores and does not produce flowers or seeds.[4]
The stems are generally deciduous in cold climates, and remain during winter in warmer climates. It forms dense spreading colonies, in full to partial sun.
- Subspecies
Uses
Domestic
The rough stems have been used to scour or clean pots, and used as sandpaper.[9][10]
Boiled and dried Equisetum hyemale is used as traditional polishing material, similar to a fine grit sandpaper, in Japan.
- Music
The stems are used to shape the reeds of reed instruments such as clarinets or saxophones.
Medicinal
Some Plateau Indian tribes boiled the stalks to produce a drink used as a diuretic and to treat venereal disease.[11]
It is used as a homeopathic remedy.[4]
Cultivation
Equisetum hyemale cultivated as an ornamental plant, for use in contained garden beds and planters, and in pots. It is a popular "icon plant" in contemporary Modernist and Asian style garden design. Its tight verticality fits into narrow planting spaces between walkways and walls, and on small balconies.
It is also used as an accent plant in garden ponds and ornamental pools, and other landscape water features, planted in submerged pots.
The plant is sometimes sold in the nursery trade as "barred horsetail" or "Equisetum japonicum", but is different in appearance than Equisetum ramosissimum var. Japonicum.
Invasiveness
The plant spreads very aggressively by underground runners, reaching under/past pavements and garden walls. Root barriers or large sunken planters ease containment in the garden.[4]
The plant is an invasive species of moist natural habitats in South Africa and Australia.[2]
References
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lifeisagarden.co.za: "Invasive alien plants—Equisetum hyemale."
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Jepson
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Native Plant Database: Equisetum hyemale (scouring rush)
- ↑ Webb, S.A., Parnell, J. and Doogue, D. 1996. Dundalgan Press (W. Tempest), Dundalk ISBN 0-85221-131-7
- ↑ Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Native Plant Database: Equisetum hyemale (scouring rush)
- ↑ Jepson Manual treatment for Equisetum hyemale subsp. affine
- ↑ CalFlora Database: Equisetum hyemale subsp. affine
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Equisetum hyemale. |
- NatureServe secure species
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- Equisetum
- Fern species
- Plants described in 1753
- Pteridophyta of Asia
- Pteridophyta of Europe
- Flora of England
- Pteridophyta of the Americas
- Flora of North America
- Ferns of the United States
- Ferns of California
- Ferns of West Virginia
- Native ferns of Ontario
- Flora of Eastern Canada
- Flora of Western Canada
- Flora of the Eastern United States
- Flora of the Western United States
- Flora of the Great Lakes region (North America)
- Invasive plant species
- Invasive plant species in Australia
- Plants used in traditional Native American medicine
- Garden plants of Asia
- Garden plants of Europe
- Garden plants of North America
