Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

Ernest II
Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
Reign	1772–1804
Predecessor	Frederick III
Successor	Augustus
Born	(1745-01-30)30 January 1745 Gotha
Died	Gotha
Spouse	Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen
Issue	Ernest, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg Augustus Frederick IV Prince Ludwig
House	Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
Father	Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
Mother	Luise Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen

Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (Gotha, 30 January 1745 – Gotha, 20 April 1804), He was the third but second surviving son of Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and Luise Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen. The death of his older brother Frederick in 1756 made him the heir to the duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.

Biography

The Duchess Luise Dorothea was intensely worried about the training of her surviving sons, Ernest and her youngest son August, and had them educated by a selected group of teachers. During 1768–1769 both princes took an educational journey to the Netherlands, England and France, and Ernest met important people in Politics, Science and Arts.

In 1772 his father died, and Ernest inherited the duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. As a liberal and enlightened prince, he was interested in the arts and sciences and used his reign to further them. He promoted the Educational System, the Economy, Theatre, Art collections and Libraries as well as the Natural Sciences in his duchy, which reached thereby in the top place of the Saxony Duchies in Thuringia. Privately, he was interested particularly in Astronomy and Physics. He appointed competent specialists in all these areas like mechanic and clockmaker Johann Andreas Klindworth, to whom he granted the title of court mechanic.

For his special interests he had the services of the important astronomer Franz Xaver von Zach for Gotha. With him, he established the Observatory of Gotha (Sternwarte Gotha), which developed into a European centre of Astronomy. His will stated that this institution should represent the only visible indication of his existence. It succeeded to such an extent, that Gotha despite its size was thought of as a place that important people of the time should visit. One such person was Goethe who visited several times.

Since 1774 he was a Freemason in the Zinnendorf system and a member of the Gotha Lodge Zum Rautenkranz; which had been founded by Abel Seyler, Konrad Ekhof and other members of the Seyler Theatre Company in the same year. In 1775 was appointed Grand Master of the Landesloge of Germany (Zinnendorf system). In 1783 Ernest became a member of the Bavarian Illuminati under the name of Quintus Severus and/or Timoleon, and in 1784 he was created Supervisor of Abessinien (a name for Upper Saxony). In 1787, he granted Adam Weishaupt, the founder of this secret society, asylum in Gotha. As a freemason he was buried wrapped in a white cloth on the park island.

Offspring

In Meiningen on 21 March 1769, Ernest married Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen (cousin of his mother, Luise Dorothea, but much younger). They had four sons:

• Ernest (b. Gotha, 27 February 1770 – d. Gotha, 3 December 1779).
• Emil Leopold August, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (b. Gotha, 23 November 1772 – d. Gotha, 27 May 1822), known as Augustus.
• Frederick IV, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (b. Gotha, 28 November 1774 – d. Gotha, 11 February 1825).
• Ludwig (b. Gotha, 21 October 1777 – d. Gotha, 26 October 1777).

Ancestry

Family of Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

16. Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha               8. Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg                       17. Princess Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg               4. Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg                             18. August, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels               9. Magdalena Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels                       19. Anna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin               2. Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg                                   20. John VI, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst               10. Karl of Anhalt-Zerbst                       21. Sophie Augusta of Holstein-Gottorp               5. Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst                             22. August, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels (= 18)               11. Duchess Sophia of Saxe-Weissenfels                       23. Anna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (= 19)               1. Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg                                         24. Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha (= 16)               12. Bernhard I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen                       25. Princess Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg (= 17)               6. Ernst Ludwig I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen                             26. George II, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt               13. Marie Hedwig of Hesse-Darmstadt                       27. Sophia Eleonore of Saxony               3. Luise Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen                                   28. Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha (= 16)               14. Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (= 8)                       29. Princess Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg (= 17)               7. Dorothea Marie of Saxe-Gotha                             30. August, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels (= 18)               15. Magdalena Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels (= 9)                       31. Anna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (= 19)

References

Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg House of Wettin Born: 30 January 1745 Died: 20 April 1804
Preceded by Frederick III	Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 1772–1804	Succeeded by Augustus