History of Facebook

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Mark Zuckerberg in 2005.

Facebook is a social networking service originally launched as FaceMash on October 28, 2003, before changing its name to TheFacebook on February 4, 2004.[1] It was founded by Mark Zuckerberg and college roommates and fellow Harvard University students, in particular Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes.[2] The website's membership was initially limited by the founders to Harvard students, but was expanded to other colleges in the Boston area, the Ivy League,[3] and gradually most universities in the United States and Canada,[4][5] corporations,[6] and by September 2006, to everyone with a valid email address along with an age requirement of being 13 and older.[7][8][9]

FaceMash

FaceMash was opened in 2003, developed by Mark Zuckerberg; he wrote the software for the Facemash website when he was in his second year of college. The website was set up as a type of "hot or not" game for Harvard students. The website allowed visitors to compare two female students' pictures side by side and let them decide who was more attractive.[10]

While writing the software, Mark Zuckerberg wrote the following blog entries:[11]

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I'm a little intoxicated, not gonna lie. So what if it's not even 10 p.m. and it's a Tuesday night? What? The Kirkland [dorm] facebook is open on my desktop and some of these people have pretty horrendous facebook pics. I almost want to put some of these faces next to pictures of farm animals and have people vote on which is more attractive.[11]

— 9:48 pm[12]

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Yea, it's on. I'm not exactly sure how the farm animals are going to fit into this whole thing (you can't really ever be sure with farm animals ...), but I like the idea of comparing two people together.

— 11:09 pm[11]

According to The Harvard Crimson, Facemash used "photos compiled from the online facebooks of nine Houses, placing two next to each other at a time and asking users to choose the "hotter" person".[10] Facemash attracted 450 visitors and 22,000 photo-views in its first four hours online.[13]

The site was quickly forwarded to several campus group list-servers, but was shut down a few days later by the Harvard administration. Zuckerberg faced expulsion and was charged by the administration with breach of security, violating copyrights, and violating individuals' privacy. Ultimately, the charges were dropped.[10] Zuckerberg expanded on this initial project that semester by creating a social study tool ahead of an art history final exam. He uploaded art images to a website, each of which was featured with a corresponding comments section, then shared the site with his classmates, and people started sharing notes.[14]

On October 25, 2010, entrepreneur and banker Rahul Jain auctioned off the FaceMash.com domain to an unknown buyer for $30,201.[15][16]

Facebook

A "face book" is a student directory featuring photos and basic information.[13] In 2003, there were no universal online facebooks at Harvard, with only paper sheets distributed[17] and private online directories.[10][18] Zuckerberg told the Crimson that "Everyone's been talking a lot about a universal face book within Harvard. ... I think it's kind of silly that it would take the University a couple of years to get around to it. I can do it better than they can, and I can do it in a week."[18] In January 2004, Zuckerberg began writing code for a new website, known as "TheFacebook", with the inspiration coming from an editorial in the Crimson about Facemash, stating that "It is clear that the technology needed to create a centralized Website is readily available ... the benefits are many." Zuckerberg met with Harvard student Eduardo Saverin, and each of them agreed to invest $1,000 in the site.[11] On February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg launched it under the name of "TheFacebook", originally located at thefacebook.com.[19]

Zuckerberg intended to create a website that could connect people around the university. Upon finishing the site, Zuckerberg told a couple of friends, one of whom suggested sharing it on the Kirkland House online mailing list, which included several hundred people. According to his roommate, Dustin Moskovitz, "By the end of the night, we were . . . actively watching the registration process. Within twenty-four hours, we had somewhere between twelve hundred and fifteen hundred registrants."[20]

Just six days after the launch of the site, three Harvard University seniors, Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, and Divya Narendra, accused Zuckerberg of intentionally misleading them into believing that he would help them build a social network called HarvardConnection.com, but instead using their idea to build a competing product.[21] The three complained to the Crimson, and the newspaper began an investigation. Zuckerberg knew about the investigation so he used TheFacebook.com to find members in the site who identified themselves as members of the Crimson. He examined a history of failed logins to see if any of the Crimson members had ever entered an incorrect password into TheFacebook.com. In the cases in which they had failed to log in, Zuckerberg tried to use them to access the Crimson members' Harvard email accounts, and he was successful in accessing two of them. In the end, three Crimson members filed a lawsuit against Zuckerberg which was later settled.[21][22]

Membership was initially restricted to students of Harvard University. Within the first month, more than half the undergraduate population at Harvard was registered on the service.[23] Zuckerberg was joined in the promotion of the site by Saverin (business aspects), Dustin Moskovitz (programmer), Andrew McCollum (graphic artist), and Chris Hughes. In March 2004, Facebook expanded to Stanford, Columbia, and Yale.[3] This expansion continued when it opened to all Ivy League and Boston-area schools. It gradually reached most universities in the United States and Canada.[24][25][26] Facebook was incorporated in the summer of 2004, and the entrepreneur Sean Parker, who had been informally advising Zuckerberg, became the company's president.[27] In June 2004, Facebook moved its base of operations to Palo Alto, California.[3] The company dropped 'The' from its name after purchasing the domain name facebook.com in 2005 for $200,000.[28]

By December 2005, Facebook had 6 million users.[29]

Total active users[N 1]
Date Users
(in millions)		 ±%
2004-1-4 0 —    
2008-8-26 100[30] +inf%
2009-4-8 200[31] +100.0%
2009-9-15 300[32] +50.0%
2010-1-5 400[33] +33.3%
2010-7-21 500[34] +25.0%
2011-1-05 600[35][N 2] +20.0%
2011-05-30 700[36] +16.7%
2011-9-22 800[37] +14.3%
2012-04-24 900[38] +12.5%
2012-09-14 1,000[39] +11.1%
2013-03-31 1,110[40] +11.0%
2013-12-31 1,230[41] +10.8%
2014-12-31 1,390[42] +13.0%
2015-12-31 1,590[43] +14.4%
2016-12-31 1,860[44] +17.0%

On October 1, 2005, Facebook expanded to twenty-one universities in the United Kingdom and others around the world. Facebook launched a high school version in September 2005, which Zuckerberg called the next logical step.[45] At that time, high school networks required an invitation to join.[46] Facebook later expanded membership eligibility to employees of several companies, including Apple Inc. and Microsoft.[47] On December 11, 2005, universities in Australia and New Zealand were added to the Facebook network, bringing its size to 2,000+ colleges and 25,000+ high schools throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland. Facebook was then opened on September 26, 2006, to everyone aged 13 and older with a valid email address.[7][8]

Late in 2007, Facebook had 100,000 business pages, allowing companies to attract potential customers and tell about themselves. These started as group pages, but a new concept called company pages was planned.[48]

In October 2008, Facebook announced that it would set up its international headquarters in Dublin, Ireland.[49]

In 2010, Facebook began to invite users to become beta testers after passing a question-and-answer-based selection process,[50] and a set of Facebook Engineering Puzzles where users would solve computational problems which gave them an opportunity to be hired by Facebook.[51]

As of February 2011, Facebook had become the largest online photo host, being cited by Facebook application and online photo aggregator Pixable as expecting to have 100 billion photos by summer 2011.[52] As of October 2011, over 350 million users accessed Facebook through their mobile phones, accounting for 33% of all Facebook traffic.[53]

On March 12, 2012, Yahoo! filed suit in a U.S. federal court against Facebook weeks before the scheduled Facebook initial public offering. In its court filing, Yahoo! said that Facebook had infringed on ten of its patents covering advertising, privacy controls and social networking. Yahoo! had threatened to sue Facebook a month before the filing, insisting that the social network license its patents. A spokesperson for Facebook issued a statement saying "We're disappointed that Yahoo, a long-time business partner of Facebook and a company that has substantially benefited from its association with Facebook, has decided to resort to litigation".[54] The lawsuit claims that Yahoo!'s patents cover basic social networking ideas such as customizing website users' experiences to their needs, adding that the patents cover ways of targeting ads to individual users.[55] In 2012, Facebook App Center, an online mobile store, was rolled out. The store initially had 500 Facebook apps which were mostly games.[56]

On April 24, 2014, Facebook and Storyful announced a new feature called FB Newswire.[57]

In addition to the Android and iOS mobile app, Facebook develops another Android app called Facebook Lite[58] which uses less data. Another project from Facebook is called Facebook Zero, which allows users to use a mobile text-only version of Facebook for free, without paying for mobile data when using some mobile network operators.

In May 2018, the company announced their own dating service, called Facebook Dating.

Financials

File:Facebook Headquarters Menlo Park.jpg
Entrance to Facebook headquarters complex in Menlo Park, California
Facebook's former headquarters in downtown Palo Alto, California

Initial funding

Facebook was initially incorporated as a Florida LLC. For the first few months after its launch in February 2004, the costs for the website operations for thefacebook.com were paid for by Mark Zuckerberg and Eduardo Saverin, who had taken equity stakes in the company. The website also ran a few advertisements to meet its operating costs.[59]

First angel investment

In the summer of 2004, venture capitalist Peter Thiel made a $500,001 angel investment in the social network Facebook for 10.2% of the company and joined Facebook's board. This was the first outside investment in Facebook.[60][61][62]

In his book The Facebook Effect, David Kirkpatrick outlines the story of how Thiel came to make his investment: former Napster and Plaxo employee Sean Parker, who at the time had assumed the title of "President" of Facebook, was seeking investors for Facebook. Parker approached Reid Hoffman, the CEO of work-based social network LinkedIn. Hoffman liked Facebook but declined to be the lead investor because of the potential for conflict of interest with his duties as LinkedIn CEO. He redirected Parker to Peter Thiel, whom he knew from their PayPal days (both Hoffman and Thiel are considered members of the PayPal Mafia). Thiel met Parker and Mark Zuckerberg, the Harvard college student who had founded Facebook and controlled it. Thiel and Zuckerberg got along well and Thiel agreed to lead Facebook's seed round with $500,000 for 10.2% of the company. Hoffman and Mark Pincus also participated in the round, along with Maurice Werdegar who led the investment on behalf of Western Technology Investment. The investment was originally in the form of a convertible note, to be converted to equity if Facebook reached 1.5 million users by the end of 2004. Although Facebook narrowly missed the target, Thiel allowed the loan to be converted to equity anyway.[63] Thiel said of his investment:

I was comfortable with them pursuing their original vision. And it was a very reasonable valuation. I thought it was going to be a pretty safe investment."[63]

Accel investment (Series A)

In April 2005, Accel Partners agreed to make a $12.7 million venture capital investment in a deal that valued Facebook at $98 million. Accel joined Facebook's board, and the board was expanded to five seats, with Zuckerberg, Thiel, and Accel's Jim Breyer in three of the seats, and the other two seats currently being empty but with Zuckerberg free to nominate anybody to those seats.[64]

Greylock investment (Series B)

In April 2006, Facebook closed its Series B funding round. This included $27.5 million from a number of venture capitalists, including Greylock Partners and Meritech Capital, plus additional investments from Peter Thiel and Accel Partners. The valuation for this round was about $500 million.[62][65][66]

A leaked cash flow statement showed that during the 2005 fiscal year, Facebook had a net gain of $5.66 million.[67]

Sales negotiations

With the sale of social networking website MySpace to News Corp on July 19, 2005, rumours surfaced about the possible sale of Facebook to a larger media company.[68] Zuckerberg had already stated that he did not want to sell the company, and denied rumors to the contrary.[69] On March 28, 2006, BusinessWeek reported that a potential acquisition of Facebook was under negotiation. Facebook reportedly declined an offer of $750 million from an unknown bidder, and it was rumored the asking price rose as high as $2 billion.[70]

In September 2006, serious talks between Facebook and Yahoo! took place concerning acquisition of Facebook, with prices reaching as high as $1 billion.[71][72] Thiel, by then a board member of Facebook, indicated that Facebook's internal valuation was around $8 billion based on their projected revenues of $1 billion by 2015, comparable to Viacom's MTV brand, a company with a shared target demographic audience.[73]

On July 17, 2007, Zuckerberg said that selling Facebook was unlikely because he wanted to keep it independent, saying "We're not really looking to sell the company ... We're not looking to IPO anytime soon. It's just not the core focus of the company."[74] In September 2007, Microsoft approached Facebook, proposing an investment in return for a 5% stake in the company, offering an estimated $300–500 million.[75] That month, other companies, including Google, expressed interest in buying a portion of Facebook.[76]

Microsoft investment (Series C)

On October 24, 2007, Microsoft announced that it had purchased a 1.6% share of Facebook for $240 million, giving Facebook a total implied value of around $15 billion.[77] However, Microsoft bought preferred stock that carried special rights, such as "liquidation preferences" that meant Microsoft would get paid before common stockholders if the company were sold. Microsoft's purchase also included the right to place international ads on Facebook.[78] In November 2007, Hong Kong billionaire Li Ka-shing invested $60 million in Facebook.[79]

Entrance to Facebook's former headquarters in the Stanford Research Park, Palo Alto, California. In January 2012 the company moved to a new campus in Menlo Park, California.

Switch to profitability

In August 2008, BusinessWeek reported that private sales by employees, as well as purchases by venture capital firms, were being done at share prices that put the company's total valuation at between $3.75 billion and $5 billion.[78] In October 2008, Zuckerberg said "I don't think social networks can be monetized in the same way that search did ... In three years from now we have to figure out what the optimum model is. But that is not our primary focus today."[80]

Facebook hired Sheryl Sandberg as its Chief Operating Officer in March 2008. Sandberg is reported to have held a number of brainstorming sessions with Facebook employees on their long-term monetization strategy, which led to the conclusion that advertising would be the main source of monetization. Under Sandberg's leadership, Facebook made a number of changes to its advertising model with the aim of achieving profitability. In September 2009, Facebook stated that it had turned cash flow positive for the first time.[81]

In early 2012, Facebook disclosed that its profits had jumped 65% to $1 billion in the previous year when its revenue, which is mainly from advertising, had jumped almost 90% to $3.71 billion.[82] Facebook also reported that 56% of its advertising revenue comes from the U.S. alone, and that 12% of its revenue comes from Zynga, the social network game development company. Payments and other fees were $557 million up from $106 million the previous year.[83]

Acquisitions

In August 2009, Facebook acquired social media real-time news aggregator FriendFeed,[84] a startup created by Gmail's first engineer Paul Buchheit.[85][86][87]

In February 2010, Facebook acquired Malaysian contact-importing startup Octazen Solutions.[88] On April 2, 2010, Facebook announced acquisition of a photo-sharing service called Divvyshot for an undisclosed amount.[89] In June 2010, an online marketplace for trading private Facebook stock reflected a valuation of $11.5 billion.[90]

On April 12, 2012, Facebook acquired photo sharing service Instagram for approximately $1 billion in cash and stock.[91][92]

On March 8, 2013, Facebook announced that they acquired the team from Storylane, but not the product itself.[93] On October 13, 2013, Facebook acquired Onavo, an Israeli analytics company, for approximately $120 million.[94][95][96]

On February 19, 2014, Facebook announced its acquisition of WhatsApp, a smartphone instant messaging application for $19 billion in a mix of stock and cash. The acquisition is the most ever paid for a venture-capital backed startup.[97]

On March 25, 2014, Facebook announced they had acquired virtual reality startup Oculus VR for $2 billion in cash and stock.[98]

In April 2020, Facebook, Inc. bought a 9.9% stake in Jio, which was the highest foreign direct investment in the Indian technology sector.[99]

Initial public offering

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Main article: Initial public offering of Facebook

Facebook filed for an initial public offering (IPO) on February 1, 2012.[100] The preliminary prospectus stated that the company was seeking to raise $5 billion. The document announced that the company had 845 million active monthly users and its website featured 2.7 billion daily likes and comments.[101] After the IPO, Zuckerberg retains a 22% ownership share in Facebook and owns 57% of the voting shares.[102]

Underwriters valued the shares at $38 each, pricing the company at $104 billion, the largest valuation to date for a newly public company.[103] On May 16, one day before the IPO, Facebook announced that it would sell 25% more shares than originally planned due to high demand.[104] The IPO raised $16 billion, making it the third largest in U.S. history (just ahead of AT&T Wireless and behind only General Motors and Visa Inc.).[105][106] The stock price left the company with a higher market capitalization than all but a few U.S. corporations – surpassing heavyweights such as Amazon.com, McDonald's, Disney, and Kraft Foods – and made Zuckerberg's stock worth $19 billion.[105][106] The New York Times stated that the offering overcame questions about Facebook's difficulties in attracting advertisers to transform the company into a "must-own stock". Jimmy Lee of JPMorgan Chase described it as "the next great blue-chip".[105] Writers at TechCrunch, on the other hand, expressed skepticism, stating, "That's a big multiple to live up to, and [Facebook] will likely need to add bold new revenue streams to justify the mammoth valuation".[107]

Trading in the stock, which began on May 18, was delayed that day due to technical problems with the NASDAQ exchange.[108] The stock struggled to stay above the IPO price for most of the day, forcing underwriters to buy back shares to support the price.[109] At closing bell, shares were valued at $38.23,[110] only $0.23 above the IPO price and down $3.82 from the opening bell value. The opening was widely described by the financial press as a disappointment.[111] The stock nonetheless set a new record for trading volume of an IPO.[112] On May 25, 2012, the stock ended its first full week of trading at $31.91, a 16.5% decline.[113]

On 22 May, regulators from Wall Street's Financial Industry Regulatory Authority announced that they had begun to investigate whether banks underwriting Facebook had improperly shared information only with select clients, rather than the general public. Massachusetts Secretary of State William Galvin subpoenaed Morgan Stanley over the same issue.[114] The allegations sparked "fury" among some investors and led to the immediate filing of several lawsuits, one of them a class action suit claiming more than $2.5 billion in losses due to the IPO.[115] Bloomberg estimated that retail investors may have lost approximately $630 million on Facebook stock since its debut.[116]

Timeline

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"Facebook timeline" redirects here. For the Facebook feature unveiled in late 2018, see Facebook features § Timeline.
Year Month and date (if available) Event type Event
2003 October 28 Prelude Mark Zuckerberg releases Facemash, the predecessor to Facebook. It is described as a Harvard University version of Hot or Not.[117]
2004 January Creation Mark Zuckerberg begins with his fellow co-founders writing Facebook.[118]
2004 February 4 Creation Zuckerberg launches Facebook as a Harvard-only social network.[119][120]
2004 April 13 Financial/legal Zuckerberg, Dustin Moskovitz, and Eduardo Saverin form Thefacebook.com LLC, a partnership.[121]
2004 June Funding Facebook receives its first investment from Peter Thiel for US$500,000.[62]
2004 July 29 Financial/legal Facebook incorporates into a new company,[122] and Sean Parker (early employee of Napster) becomes its president.[27]
2004 August Product To compete with growing campus-only service i2hub, Zuckerberg launches Wirehog. It is a precursor to Facebook Platform applications.[123]
2004 September Financial/legal ConnectU files a lawsuit against Zuckerberg and other Facebook founders.[121]
2004 December 30 Userbase Facebook achieves its one millionth registered user.[124]
2005 March 10 Userbase Facebook expands to UK universities. Cambridge, Oxford and the London School of Economics are the first three UK universities on the platform.
2005 May 26 Funding Accel Partners invests $13 million into Facebook.[121]
2005 July 19 Acquisition talks News Corp acquires MySpace, spurring rumors about the possible sale of Facebook to a larger media company.[68]
2005 August 23 Product Facebook acquires Facebook.com domain for $200,000.[121]
2005 September Product Facebook launches a high school version of the website.[125]
2005 October Product Facebook launches its photos feature with no restrictions on storage (but without the ability to tag friends).[126]
2005 December Product Facebook introduces the ability to tag friends in photos.[126]
2006 March 28 Acquisition talks A potential acquisition of Facebook is reportedly under negotiations, for $750 million first, then later $2 billion.[70]
2006 April Userbase Facebook expands its membership requirements to include corporate employees.[127]
2006 August 22 Product Facebook launches a blogging feature known as "Facebook Notes".[128]
2006 September 26 Userbase Membership is opened to anyone.[129]
2006 September 6 Product (news feed) Facebook launches News Feed.[130] The original news feed is an algorithmically generated and constantly refreshing summary of updates about the activities of one's friends. The concept was relatively new at the time, with Twitter having launched only a few months in advance.
2006 September Acquisition talks Facebook discusses with Yahoo! about the latter possibly acquiring the former, for $1 billion.[70]
2007 January 10 Product Facebook launches m.facebook.com and officially announces mobile support.[131]
2007 May 24 Product Facebook announces Facebook Platform for developers to build applications on top of Facebook's social graph.[132][133]
2007 October 24 Funding Microsoft announces that it will purchase a 1.6% share of Facebook for $240 million, giving Facebook a total implied value of around $15 billion. However, Microsoft also gained ad exclusivity in this deal, so the $15 billion valuation figure is disputed.[77]
2007 November 6 Product (news feed) Facebook launches Facebook Beacon with 44 partner sites at the time of launch. Beacon is part of Facebook's advertisement system that sends data from external websites to Facebook, for the purpose of allowing targeted advertisements and allowing users to share their activities with their friends. Certain activities on partner sites are published to a user's News Feed.[134] On the same day, Facebook launched Facebook Pages.[135]
2007 November 19 Product Facebook removes "is" from status updates, allowing users to adopt a more free-form version of status updates.[136]
2008 May Team Adam D'Angelo, an early employee and chief technology officer, leaves Facebook.[137]
2008 June Financial/legal Facebook settles both lawsuits, ConnectU vs Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg et al. and intellectual property theft, Wayne Chang et al. over The Winklevoss Chang Group's Social Butterfly project. The settlement effectively had Facebook acquiring ConnectU for $20 million in cash and over $1.2 million in shares, valued at $45 million based on $15 billion company valuation.[138]
2008 July 21 Product Facebook launches a complete site redesign with options for tabbed redesign, and allows users to opt into it.[139][140] By September 2008, it forces all users to opt-in.[141]
2008 August Financial/legal Employees reportedly privately sell their shares to venture capital firms, at a company valuation of between $3.75 billion to $5 billion.[78]
2008 October Physical location Facebook sets up its international headquarters in Dublin, Ireland.[142]
2008 November Product Facebook launches Facebook Credits in order to help users purchase Facebook gifts.[143]
2009 February 9 Product Facebook activates the Facebook like button.[144]
2009 August Acquisition Facebook acquires FriendFeed.[84]
2009 September Financial/legal Facebook claims that it has turned cash flow positive for the first time.[145]
2009 September 10 Product Facebook announces a feature whereby people can @-tag friends in their status updates and comments.[146][147]
2009 September Product Facebook shuts down Beacon.
2010 February Acquisition Facebook acquires Malaysian contact-importing startup Octazen Solutions.[148]
2010 April 2 Acquisition Facebook announces the acquisition of photo-sharing service called Divvy-shot for an undisclosed amount.[149]
2010 April 19 Product Facebook introduces Community Pages, which are Pages that are populated with articles from Wikipedia.[150]
2010 June Financial/legal Facebook employees sell shares of the company on SecondMarket at a company valuation of $11.5 billion.[151]
2010 June Product Facebook introduces the option to Like individual comments.
2010 October 1 Popular culture The Social Network, a film about the beginnings of Facebook directed by David Fincher & stars Jesse Eisenberg as Mark is released. The film is met with widespread critical acclaim as well as commercial success; however, Mark Zuckerberg says that the film is a largely inaccurate account of what happened.
2010 December Product Facebook launches a redesign that emphasizes the most important parts of someone's life, including one's biographic information, photos, education, work experience, and important relationships. It replaces the tabs at the top of each profile page with links on the left side of the page.[152]
2011 January Funding $500 million is invested into Facebook for 1% of the company, placing its worth at $50 billion.[153]
2011 February Product Facebook application and content aggregator Pixable estimates that Facebook will host 100 billion photos by summer 2011.[154]
2011 June 28 Competition Google launches Google+, widely perceived as a competitor to Facebook. Commentators believe that Facebook's subsequent rapid release of new features and improvements may have in part been hastened due to competition from Google+.[155][156]
2011 July 6 Product Facebook partners with Skype to add video chat and updates its website interface.[157]
2011 August 9, then October 19 Product Facebook Messenger is launched for Android and IOS. October 19, 2011 update makes the app available to Blackberry os.[158]
2011 September, then November 30 Product Facebook increases the character limit for status update posts from 500 to 5,000 in September and to 63,206 on November 30.[156]
2011 September 14 Product Facebook allows people to subscribe to non-friends and to set the extent to which they receive updates from their existing friends and people they are subscribing to.[159]
2011 September 15 Product Facebook partners with Heroku for Facebook application development using the Facebook Platform.[160]
2011 September 22 Product Facebook launches new UI Timeline in F8 Convention.
2011 October 6 Accessibility Facebook for SIM, a client/server SIM application developed by international digital security company Gemalto that enables people to access Facebook using the SMS protocol on their mobile phones, without needing a data plan, is released in partnership with select carriers.[161]
2011 October 10 Accessibility Facebook launches iPad app.[162]
2011 December 21 Product Facebook login page changes due to Facebook Timeline addition.
2012 January 10 Product (news feed) Facebook starts showing advertisements (called Featured Posts) in the news feed. The advertisements are generally for pages that one's Facebook friends have engaged with.[163][164]
2012 April Acquisition Facebook acquires Instagram for $1 billion.[165]
2012 May 18 Financial/legal Facebook IPO: Facebook goes public, negotiating a share price of $38 apiece, valuing the company at $104 billion, the largest valuation to date for a newly listed public company.[166]
2012 June 13 Product Facebook launches Facebook Exchange (FBX), a real-time bidding ad system where advertisers can bid on users based on third-party websites visited by the users (as tracked by a cookie on the third-party website).[167][168]
2012 October Userbase Facebook reaches 1 billion active users.[169]
2013 January 15 Product Facebook announces and begins rolling out Facebook Graph Search.[170]
2013 January 30, then April 9 Product Facebook rolls out detailed and fine-grained emoticons to express different actions and emotional states in one's status updates (experimental launch January 30, official launch with universal availability April 9).[171][172]
2013 March 7 Product (news feed) Facebook announces major planned changes to the News Feed.[173] However, it is later revealed that Facebook abandoned these changes after getting negative feedback from users.[174]
2013 March 8 Acquisition Facebook announces that they acquired the team from Storylane, but not the product itself.[93]
2013 April 4, then April 12 Product (mobile-only) Facebook launches Facebook Home, a user interface layer for Android-compatible phones that provides a replacement home screen that makes it easier for users to browse and post.[175][176]
2013 April 15 Product Facebook launches a new timeline with Video Autoplay.
2013 April–July Product Facebook launches Stickers, initially only for its iOS apps in April,[177][178] but later expanding to its web version in July.[179]
2013 June 12, then June 27 Product Facebook announces support for hashtags, initially only for the web (June 12).[180][181] Later (June 27), more functionality is added and hashtags are extended to the mobile site and apps.[182]
2013 June 30 Political activism Zuckerberg joins 700 Facebook employees for the June 2013 Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Pride Celebration march in San Francisco, U.S. The 2013 Pride celebration was especially significant, as it followed a Supreme Court of the United States ruling that deemed the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) unconstitutional.[183][184]
2013 August 20 Userbase/accessibility Facebook launches Internet.org in collaboration with six cellphone companies (Samsung, Ericsson, MediaTek, Nokia, Opera Software, and Qualcomm). Internet.org aims to bring affordable Internet access to everybody by increasing affordability, increasing efficiency, and facilitating the development of new business models around the provision of Internet access.[185][186][187][188]
2013 September 26 Product Facebook begins letting people edit their posts and comments after publishing.[189][190]
2013 September 29 Product Facebook announces that it will begin rolling out Graph Search for posts and comments.[191][192]
2013 October 13 Acquisition Facebook acquires Onavo, an Israeli analytics company, for approximately $120 million.[94][95][96]
2013 November 13 Acquisition talks A number of news outlets reports that Facebook offered to buy Snapchat for US$3 billion but was spurned.[193][194]
2013 December 18 Financial/legal Facebook, Zuckerberg, & banks face IPO lawsuit.[195]
2014 January 13 Acquisition Facebook acquires Branch Media, and it is announced that the team working on the startup will join Facebook to work on conversations products for Facebook that builds on similar ideas as Branch Media's products, while Branch Media's existing products will continue to operate separately. Facebook confirms that the acquisition is a talent acquisition.[196][197]
2014 January 16 Product Facebook launches Trending Topics for its web version in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, India, and Australia.[198][199] This is based on feedback to a pilot version tested both on the web and mobile starting August 2013.[200][201]
2014 January 30, then February 3 Product (mobile-only) On January 30, Facebook announces Facebook Paper, a separate iOS app that provides a newspaper-like or magazine-like experience for reading on the phone, scheduled for launch on February 3.[202] Facebook also announces Facebook Creative Labs, an intra-company effort to have separate teams working on separate mobile apps that specialize in different facets related to the Facebook experience, rather than trying to make changes to Facebook's main web version, mobile version, or its iOS and Android apps, and says that Facebook Paper is the first product of Facebook Creative Labs.[174][203][204] Facebook Paper receives mixed reviews, and some commentators note its similarity with Flipboard.[205][206]
2014 February 4 Milestone Facebook marks the ten-year anniversary of its launch (February 4, 2004), and Mark Zuckerberg writes a public post about why he is proud of Facebook so far.[207][208][209] The Pew Research Center releases a report about increasing Facebook usage by adults to mark the occasion.[210] Many other commentators write articles about Facebook to honor the occasion.[174][211][212][213]
2014 February 4–7 Product On February 4, on the occasion of its tenth anniversary, Facebook introduces its Look Back feature that creates an automated video for each person looking back on the person's life as recorded on Facebook.[214] On February 7, Facebook adds the ability to edit the Look Back videos.[215]
2014 February 13 Political activism Facebook opens up many new LGBTQ-friendly gender identity and pronoun options.[216][217][218][219]
2014 February 19 Acquisition Facebook announces that it is acquiring the Sequoia Capital-backed multi-platform mobile messaging app WhatsApp for US$16 billion ($4 billion in cash, $12 billion in Facebook shares) plus an additional $3 billion in restricted stock units to be granted to WhatsApp’s founders and employees that will vest over four years subsequent to closing.[220][221][222][223][224][225] According to the announcement, WhatsApp will continue to operate independently, Facebook will continue developing Facebook Messenger, and WhatsApp CEO Jan Koum will join the Facebook Board of Directors.[220] On February 24, in a keynote address to the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Zuckerberg says that the WhatsApp acquisition is part of the Internet.org vision.[226]
2014 March 3 Acquisition Rumors are circulated that Facebook is buying drone maker Titan Aerospace for $60 million. It is believed that the acquisition will help bolster Facebook's vision with Internet.org.[227][228] Later, on April 14, 2014, the Wall Street Journal reports that Google is acquiring Titan Aerospace.[229]
2014 March 6 Product (news feed) Facebook announces that it will begin rollout of a somewhat modified news feed. The changes are along the same lines as those announced in the planned revamp announced March 7, 2013 (that was halted), but are more minor and focused.[230][231][232]
2014 March 17 Product Facebook's face recognition algorithm (DeepFace) reaches near-human accuracy in identifying faces.[233][234]
2014 March 25 Acquisition Facebook announces that it is acquiring Oculus VR, Inc., a leading virtual reality company.[235][236] The amount is reported to be $2 billion in cash and stock.[237][238][239]
2014 March 27 Accessibility Facebook announces a Connectivity Lab as part of the Internet.org initiative, with the goal of bringing the Internet to everybody via drones, using acqhires from Ascenta.[240][241][242][243]
2014 April 24 Product Facebook announces FB Newswire to help journalists find news on its website.[57]
2014 April 30 Product, accessibility Facebook launches anonymous login so that people can use apps without giving them their data.[244]
2014 June 18 Product (mobile-only) Facebook releases Facebook Slingshot, an instant messaging software application for sharing photos and videos with friends, for Android and iOS devices.[245][246][247][248][249]
2014 July 21 Product Facebook launches Save, a read-it-later feature that allows users to save links, places, and media pages for later perusal.[250]
2014 September 15 onward Userbase/controversy Facebook cracks down on the Facebook profiles of drag queens in San Francisco, asking them to switch to using their real names, and shutting down the accounts of those who refuse to comply.[251] There is considerable pushback, including a planned protest at Facebook headquarters, that is delayed for a meeting with Facebook, but Facebook refuses to budge on its policy.[252] Many people, particularly those in or sympathetic to the LGBTQ community, sign up for competing social network Ello, that does not enforce a real names policy, promises to remain "ad-free and porn-friendly", and aims to have a zero-tolerance policy for hate speech.[253][254] On October 1, Facebook announced a clarification to its real name policy and said that drag queens could continue operating their accounts. The company clarified that people should use their authentic real-world names but need not use their legal names.[255]
2014 October 6 Acquisition Facebook officially completes the acquisition of WhatsApp, and WhatsApp CEO Jan Koum agrees to match Mark Zuckerberg's $1 salary.[256]
2014 October 23 Product Facebook launches pseudonymous app Rooms, where Facebook users can create and participate in forums on any topic and do not need to use their real names.[257] The forthcoming launch of the app had been reported on October 7.[258][259]
2014 October 31 Accessibility Facebook creates a custom Tor link, making it easier for people to access Facebook anonymously in locations where it is censored.[260][261][262]
2014 November 7 Product (news feed) Facebook makes it easy for people to unfollow friends and pages they've liked, both while viewing pages in the feed and while reviewing summaries of the most prolific contributors to their feed.[263][264]
2014 December 8 Product Facebook rolls out keyword search for all posts, part of Facebook Graph Search, to all US English users on desktop and using iPhones.[265][266][267] It is cited as a potential competitor to Yelp and other product recommendation engines[268] and also as a potential way to surface old, embarrassing posts by people.[269]
2014 December 11 Outreach Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg holds his second Q&A, open to the public, about Facebook, where he discusses the dislike button and Facebook's role in promoting viewpoint diversity, helping people share more, and facilitating social and political transparency.[270][271][272]
2015 January 5 Acquisition Facebook acquires Wit.ai, a Y Combinator startup founded 18 months ago to create an API for building voice-activated interfaces.[273][274][275][276][277][278]
2015 January 8 Acquisition Facebook acquires QuickFire Networks, a company that built a custom hardware and software platform for reducing video file sizes and upload times. The Wall Street Journal got the news on January 8, with confirmation later arriving on QuickFire’s site.[279][280][281][282]
2015 January 16 Open sourcing Facebook open sources the Torch library, containing some of its deep learning tools in machine learning, including new code that runs 23 times as fast for training convolutional neural networks as the fastest publicly available code until that time.[283][284][285]
2015 January 20 Product (news feed) Facebook announces that it will show fewer hoaxes in the news feed, and mark items it identifies as potential hoaxes so that readers can view them more critically.[286][287][288]
2015 March 17 Product Facebook introduces a free friend-to-friend payment service within its Messenger app. This is touted by some tech journalists as potential competition for PayPal's Venmo service.[289][290][291]
2015 March 25 Product At the first day of the 2015 F8 conference (a conference for Facebook to make announcements about major product and service changes), the company makes a bunch of announcements, with the unifying theme being that the company wants to be an integrated bunch of apps, each fulfilling a somewhat different role. Currently, the company's leading apps include its main app, Messenger, and externally built and acquired apps such as Instagram and WhatsApp.[292] Specific announcements include making Facebook Messenger more of a platform, a new real-time comments system, embeddable videos, spherical video, Parse for the Internet of Things, updates to ad exchange LiveRail, and analytics for apps.[293]
2015 March 26 Open sourcing Facebook releases its React native framework for building native apps as open source. This is announced on the second day of the F8 conference.[294]
2015 March 31 Userbase, product Facebook launches a feature called Scrapbook that allows parents to give their kids an official presence on Facebook even when they are too young to have their own accounts on the network by tagging them in photos. A Scrapbook can be owned by two people who have indicated to Facebook that they are in a relationship. When the kids grow old enough and get their own accounts, they can take over ownership of the Scrapbook and change the privacy settings thereof.[295][296][297]
2015 April 22 Product Facebook launches an Android app called Hello to instantly matches phone numbers of incoming and outgoing calls to Facebook profiles to show information about the caller/callee, block calls from commonly blocked numbers, and search for businesses to call, with initial rollout in the United States, Brazil, and Nigeria. There is no corresponding iOS app, because iOS does not allow apps to interact with phone calls.[298][299][300] Commentators compare Facebook Hello to the native Android dialer app[301] and to TrueCaller, an app with crowdsourced data.[302]
2015 April 28 (announcement), April 30 (closure) Product, platform Facebook announces that it is shutting down its friends data API, forcing developers to migrate to the Graph API. The company is also allowing for more granular control of data that users may share with apps.[303][304][305]
2015 May 12 Product Facebook launches "Instant Articles" for Publishers.[306] Publishers who use Instant Articles can opt in to have some of their articles shown to mobile users inside Facebook's app itself, without users having to leave the app and visit the customer's website. Initial launch partners include BuzzFeed, the New York Times, National Geographic and six others. The article as displayed on Facebook mimics the article on the website in terms of layout, and Instant Articles allows for correct attribution and analytics with tools such as Google Analytics, Omniture, and Comscore, in addition to publishers benefiting from Facebook's own analytics. Publishers can choose to have only a subset of their content available as Instant Articles, and Facebook handles the porting of the article to the Instant Article format itself. BuzzFeed praised Facebook for complying with its requests for compatibility with analytics tracking, and said the process was very collaborative throughout. Load times are claimed to be ten times faster than the mobile web. Publishers can keep all the ad revenue if using their own ads, but Facebook gets a 30% cut if the ads are shown by Facebook.[306][307][308][309][310]
2015 May 29 Product (news feed) Facebook confirms official support for GIFs. Autoplay settings for GIFs would be the same as those for videos: users who have video autoplay set to on (the default setting) will have GIFs autoplay when they scroll to the GIF in their news feed. Others can play the GIF manually by clicking the GIF button on the feed item with the GIF.[311]
2015 June–August Product Facebook adds more features for pages to make it easier for businesses to use them. These include: allowing pages to display how quickly they respond to messages,[312] allowing pages to send saved replies to messages,[313] allowing pages to use private messages for customer support,[314] and adding buy button integration to pages.[315]
2015 June–July Product (news feed) Facebook makes changes to its news feed algorithm in a few different directions. It relinquishes some control to users allowing them to dictate what they see first in the news feed.[316][317] Also, it announces that it will start using information on how long people hover on a particular item in their news feed to gauge their level of interest in the item, in addition to the more explicit signals it currently uses (likes, comments, shares).[318]
2015 August Product On August 5, Facebook launches live-streaming, initially restricted only to celebrities.[319] Subsequently, on August 12, it announces that the feature will be made available to journalists and those with verified profiles.[320]
2015 August 26 Product Facebook begins rolling out a human- and AI-powered virtual assistant called "M". M is available through Facebook's Messenger app, and is capable of performing tasks on behalf of users, including placing restaurant reservations and booking travel.[321][322] At launch, M is only available to a small group of testers, and in April 2016 Facebook would confirm that it could be years before M is broadly available.[323]
2015 August 27 Userbase Facebook announces that it has hit the milestone of 1 billion users accessing it on a single day.[324]
2015 October 27 Accessibility Facebook announces an initiative called 2G Tuesdays. With this initiative, Facebook engineers can opt in to access Facebook at 2G speeds for an hour every Tuesday (thus partly mimicking the experience of a nonnegligible fraction of Internet users in developing countries). The goal is to make Facebook engineers better understand the challenges of using Facebook with poor Internet speeds, and in turn help improve the Facebook experience for these users.[325][326]
2015 December Product Facebook announces that it will add a feature for booking a ride through its messaging application. Users of Facebook Messenger in the U.S. will be able to summon an Uber car with a few taps.[327]
2016 January – March Product Facebook Live that was originally launched in August 2015 and limited to celebrities, becomes available to all U.S. iPhone users on January 28.[328][329] On February 18, the global rollout begins.[330] It becomes available to U.S. Android users in the week following February 26.[331] Starting March 1, Facebook starts pushing live content more compared to older content.[332] Commentators describe Facebook Live as marking Facebook's entry into the live-streaming space, competing with Twitter-owned Periscope.[328]
2016 February 24 Product Facebook releases Facebook Reactions to the general public. The feature allows people to use five additional reactions beyond just the "like" action to convey their reaction to a post. The new reactions are "Love", "Haha", "Wow", "Sad", and "Angry" (another reaction, "Yay", that was used in initial testing of the feature, has been removed).[333] Although the names differ across languages, the emoticons used are the same across languages. Each user can add at most one reaction to a post.[334][335] An early version of Reactions was released in October 2015 in Ireland and Spain.[336][337]
2016 March 18 Product Facebook provide "Basketball Game" function in Messenger.[338]
2016 April 12 and 13 Product Facebook F8 for 2016 includes a number of announcements about the product roadmap. Key highlights include: Messenger chatbots and a new bot engine, open source virtual reality camera, more tools for Facebook apps and Facebook Live, allowing businesses to send sponsored messages to people who have messaged them in the past, more changes around improving rights management for videos, and increased support for React Native from Microsoft and Samsung.[339][340][341]
2016 April 21 Product (news feed) Facebook announces that it is updating its news feed algorithm to take into account the time that a person spends reading the article, off Facebook (using various techniques to control for load time and article length). In the previous set of updates rolled out in June and July 2015, Facebook had started taking into account the time people spend viewing the item in their news feed, but the new change takes into account the user's activity outside Facebook. The change is part of Facebook's Feed Quality Program, and is a result of research showing that people's activity on Facebook failed to fully capture the extent to which they were interested in particular items.[342][343] Commentators believe that this is likely to lead to a significant reduction in the circulation of misleading clickbait on the social network.[344]
2016 April 27 and 28 Financial/legal, userbase Facebook releases its 2016 Q1 earnings report, showing an increase in earnings to 77 cents per share up from 42 cents per share a year ago. The earnings beat analyst expectations, and cause Facebook share prices to soar, leading its market cap to exceed that of Johnson & Johnson. Facebook also reports an increase of 57% in advertising revenue to $5.2 billion, with mobile advertising now accounting for 82% of advertising revenue. It also reports a year-over-year increase in daily active users by 16% to 1.09 billion and in monthly active users by 15% to 1.65 billion.[345][346][347] Facebook also announces a proposal to create a new class of nonvoting stock.[347][348]
2016 May Product, controversy Gizmodo publishes a series of articles about alleged problems with Facebook's Trending Topics section, including lack of integration of the Trending Topics team with Facebook's overall culture and workforce, discretion vested in that team to make decisions (including the ability to artificially inject content into Trending Topics even if it has not been trending so far), and potential for bias in the way the discretion is exercised, with a particular focus on bias against conservatism.[349][350][351] The controversy is picked up by other news media, the United States Senate Committee, and many conservative outlets.[352][353][354] Facebook defends itself against the allegations,[355] but also invites leading conservatives, including United States Republican presidential primary frontrunner Donald Trump, libertarian-leaning conservative commentator Glenn Beck (who is very impressed with Facebook's actions), and CNN commentator S. E. Cupp, for a meeting to discuss and address concerns.[356][357] On May 23, Facebook announces changes to its Trending Topics section, and releases a 28-page document on the subject.[358][359]
2016 May 25 Product Facebook announces that it is shutting down Facebook Exchange (FBX), its desktop ad exchange. The reasons cited include that FBX makes a very small share of Facebook's ad revenue, and that it is of limited utility because is purely desktop-based, and any successful ad campaign must include mobile, that people are increasingly using.[360][361][362]
2016 June 15 Product Facebook introduces the secret Messenger soccer game, similar to the basketball game.[363][364]
2016 June 29 Product (news feed) Facebook publishes its list of "News Feed Values" that will guide its decisions and algorithms for the news feed. A core value listed is that friends and family come first, and Facebook announces that it is increasing the circulation of content about friends and family relative to publisher content.[365][366][367]
2016 August 4 Product (news feed) Facebook announces algorithm changes that penalize "clickbait" titles, based on a score assigned by a machine-learned model. The model is trained based on cases where users like a link, click it, and then immediately bounce and unlike pages. The algorithm is applied both at the web domain level and at the Facebook page level.[368][369][370]
2016 August 11 Product (advertising) Facebook and AdBlock Plus enter into an escalating war. AdBlock Plus tries to block advertisements and sponsored content on Facebook's site, but Facebook releases a workaround, to which AdBlock Plus releases its own workaround. Facebook's argument is that ad blockers are a crude solution, and Facebook's approach of giving users more fine-grained control over the content they see in the feed is superior. AdBlock Plus disagrees with the assessment and says ad blockers should not be blamed for users' desire to have an ad-free experience.[371][372][373] The ad blocking war continues into September[374][375] and discussion continues into November, with Facebook reportedly having boosted its ad revenue owing to its blocking of ad blockers.[376]
2016 October 3 Product In the US, UK, Australia, and New Zealand, Facebook launches Marketplace, a way to buy and sell items through Facebook. Marketplace appears as a tab in the mobile app.[377] The feature has been compared to Craigslist.[378]
2016 November 30 Product Facebook launches in select countries[379] Instant Games on Messenger and Facebook News Feed, which allows users to play games without installing new apps. The games are provided via HTML5. At launch, Instant Games does not allow game developers to place ads or in-game payments in games, but Facebook commits to allowing eventual monetization.[380][381] The platform initially has 17 games.[382]
2016 December 15 Product (news feed) Facebook announces a set of news feed updates to combat the problem of fake news and hoaxes. These include more streamlining for users reporting fake news, a partnership with signatory organizations to Poynter’s International Fact Checking Code of Principles to examine items reported as fake, learning from lower share rates for people who view the article that the item might be fake, and warnings to users when they share news that is disputed or possibly fake.[383][384][385][386]
2017 January 11 Outreach Facebook introduces the Facebook Journalism Project, an effort to bolster its relationship with media and news organizations and journalists.[387][388]
2017 end of January Product Facebook begins integrating the Messenger interface into the messages inbox, replacing the old inbox interface. This change makes the Facebook messages inbox interface similar to that seen on messenger.com.[389]
2017 February 15 Product In the United States and Canada, Facebook launches a feature to search for jobs. The feature allows businesses to post job openings through the status update composer, and allows users to apply to those job postings.[390][391][392][393]
2017 February 16 Mark Zuckerberg (Facebook's principal founder and CEO) pens a long note on his personal Facebook titled "Building Global Community" that talks about supportive, safe, informed, civically-engaged, and inclusive community.[394] The note receives widespread discussion, including comparisons with a political manifesto.[395][396]
2017 March 23 Product (messaging) Facebook adds reactions and mentions inside Messenger (both the app and the web experience).[397]
2017 April 27 Accessibility Facebook launches Messenger Lite in over 100 additional countries.[398][399][400]
2017 May 3 Product Facebook adds reactions to comments. Reactions were previously available on messages (sent via Messenger) and Facebook posts but not in comments.[401][402]
2017 May 21 Controversy The Guardian publishes The Facebook Files, leaked Facebook documents detailing Facebook's moderation policies for graphic depictions of sex and violence as well as racist, sexist, and hate speech.[403][404] The revelations lead to public discussion of the specifics of Facebook's policies, as well as calls on Facebook to be more transparent.[405][406][407][408]
2017 March 30, May 24 Product (fundraising) Facebook Fundraising is launched. On March 30, the fundraising tools are introduced in beta.[409][410][411] On May 24, the product exits beta and is available in the United States for all users over 18 years of age.[412][413]
2017 June 27 Userbase Facebook reaches 2 billion monthly active users.[414][415][416][417][418]
2017 August 18 Product (messaging) Facebook Messenger rolls out rich text formatting, with support for bold, italics, inline code, and strike-through.[419] In addition, LaTeX math expressions are implemented through KaTeX.[420][421]
2017 September 7 Userbase/controversy Facebook blocks 470 fake accounts after claiming them to be linked to Russia’s Internet Research Agency, which is suspect to have bought thousands of ads during the United States presidential campaign.[422] The company claims having discovered a Russian-funded campaign to promote divisive social and political messages on its network.[423]
2017 September 27 Controversy United States president Donald Trump declares on Twitter that Facebook was always "anti-Trump". However, the claim wouldn't have sequel in the stock market, with Facebook’s share price on the rise.[424]
2017 October 11 Outage Facebook and Instagram experience widespread outage impacting a large number of users' ability to access the services across the world, with the areas experiencing the most problems appearing to be the West and East Coasts of North America, and various parts of Europe, with parts of South America and Southeast Asia getting errors as well.[425][426][427]
2017 October 31 Staff Under intensifying pressure from legislators and consumers to clean up its site, Facebook pledges to double its 10,000-person safety and security staff by end of 2018.[428]
2017 November 8 Program launch In an effort to combat revenge porn, Facebook encourages users in Australia to submit their nude photos to a pilot project designed to prevent intimate images from being shared without consent. Adults who have shared nude or sexually explicit photos with someone online, and who are worried about unauthorised distribution, under the program can securely send the photos to themselves via Messenger, a process that allows Facebook to "hash" them, creating an identifier which would block any further distribution on Facebook, Instagram and Messenger as a pre-emptive strike against revenge porn, a common method of abuse and exploitation online.[429][430][431]
2017 November 16 Product In an effort to combat fake news and promote authentic, fact-based journalism, Facebook launches Trust Indicators, a tool to help users determine how each particular publication works. The measure is also taken by Google and Twitter.[432][433][434][435]
2017 November 16 Product After live videos having skyrocketed on Facebook in the last months, the social network launches Facebook Creator, an app for mobile video posts offering influencers Live Creative Kit for adding intros and outros to broadcasts, a unified inbox of Facebook and Instagram comments plus Messenger chats, cross-posting to Twitter and expansive analytics.[436][437][438][439]
2017 December 3 Staff Facebook opens new office in London, expecting to hire 800 new staff. Interiorly designed by Frank Gehry, the office would be Facebook's biggest engineering hub outside the United States.[440][441][442]
2017 December 4 Product Facebook launches Messenger Kids, a version of Messenger for children from ages six to 12. The app does not require a Facebook account (illegal for this range of age). Rather, parents are able to manage a child’s Messenger Kids app from their Facebook account, controlling which friends and family members the child is able to contact.[443][444][445]
2017 December 19 Product In an effort to prevent people from impersonating others, Facebook expands its use of facial recognition technology by introducing new tool that would alert people that a friend, or a friend of a friend, uploaded a photo of them, even if they haven't been tagged in the picture.[446][447][448][449]
2018 January 11 Acquisition Facebook acquires personalized image search engine Dreambit.[citation needed]
2018 January 23 Acquisition Facebook acquires Boston-based biometric ID verification startup Confirm.io, which offers a system for verifying the authenticity of ID cards, biometrics and facial recognition.[450][451][452]
2018 January 25 Controversy Facebook admits to the United States Senate that its software, in some cases, recommended content produced by Russian propaganda operatives around the time of the 2016 presidential election; stating however that it has found insignificant overlap between Russian-produced content and pages created by the Trump's election campaign.[453][454][455]
2018 January 30 Policy In an intentionally broad policy aimed at stopping scammers, Facebook bans all ads promoting cryptocurrencies, including bitcoin and initial coin offerings.[456][457]
2018 January 31 Userbase Facebook reports losing daily users for the first time ever in the United States and Canada. However, globally, the number of people using Facebook daily rose 14% compared to the previous year, but falling by 700,000 people in the US and Canada for the first time.[458]
2018 March 17–26 Controversy A whistleblower reveals that British political consulting firm Cambridge Analytica harvested 50 million Facebook profiles and used personal information taken without authorisation in early 2014 to build a system that could profile individual voters in the United States, in order to target them with personalized political advertisements.[459] On March 26, the United States Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announces it is investigating Facebook's privacy practices following the revelations.[460] The scandal would affect deeply the image of Facebook, with a loss of nearly US$50 billion in market capitalization since the data scandal.[461]
2018 April 10–11 Legal Mark Zuckerberg attends his first congressional hearings at Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C. testifying about controversies over Facebook data privacy, and being questioned for almost 10 hours in two days by senators and representatives over the company's privacy policies.[462] On the first day, Zuckerberg repeatedly apologizes and promises privacy reforms on Facebook, but also pointedly defends his company against the threat of new legislation.[463] Facing tougher questions on the second day regarding Facebook policies about user privacy, data collection, political bias and the social network's business model, Zuckerberg would reject suggestions from Congress members that Facebook users did not have enough control over their data.[464] However, he would explain plans to tighten data policies, protect users from further leaks and become more transparent about who's advertising on his site.[465]
2018 April 26 Legal Facebook CTO Mike Schroepfer is grilled for five hours by the UK Parliament; he is a stand-in for CEO Mark Zuckerberg.[466] Among other things, in the testimony he gives estimates of Facebook's numbers of "dark ads" on Facebook, in connection with consumer advocate Martin Lewis whose name was used by malicious advertisers on advertisements for spam and misleading products.[467]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ An "active user" is defined by Facebook as a user who has visited the website in the last 30 days.
  2. ↑ This value is from an investment document. The date is from when the document was revealed to the public, not the actual date that the website reached this many users.

References

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  395. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  396. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  397. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  398. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  399. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  400. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  401. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  402. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  403. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  404. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  405. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  406. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  407. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  408. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  409. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  410. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  411. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  412. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  413. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  414. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  415. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  416. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  417. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  418. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  419. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  420. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  421. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  422. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  423. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  424. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  425. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  426. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  427. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  428. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  429. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  430. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  431. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  432. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  433. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  434. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  435. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  436. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  437. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  438. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  439. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  440. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  441. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  442. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  443. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  444. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  445. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  446. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  447. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  448. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  449. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  450. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  451. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  452. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  453. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  454. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  455. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  456. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  457. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  458. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  459. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  460. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  461. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  462. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  463. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  464. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  465. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  466. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  467. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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