File:Anchor escapement animation 217x328px.gif

Summary

Animation of an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/anchor_escapement" class="extiw" title="en:anchor escapement">anchor escapement</a> used in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/pendulum_clock" class="extiw" title="en:pendulum clock">pendulum clocks</a>. An <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/escapement" class="extiw" title="en:escapement">escapement</a> is a mechanism in a clock which gives the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/pendulum" class="extiw" title="en:pendulum">pendulum</a> pushes to keep it swinging, and at each swing releases the gear train to move forward a fixed amount, thus moving the clock's hands forward at a steady rate. The recoil or anchor escapement, invented by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hooke" class="extiw" title="en:Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a> around 1658 and first applied to clocks around 1680, was the standard escapement used in pendulum clocks until the late 1800s, when a more accurate variation called the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/deadbeat_escapement" class="extiw" title="en:deadbeat escapement">deadbeat escapement</a> superseded it. It consists of an "escape wheel" (yellow) which is driven by the clock's gear train. The pivoted "anchor" piece above it (grey) is attached to the clock's pendulum (not shown) which hangs below it. The anchor has flat angled surfaces on each side called "pallets" which the escape wheel's teeth alternately catch and push on, giving the pendulum impulses to replace the energy it loses to friction, keeping it swinging.

This animation shows a typical anchor escapement found in a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/grandfather_clock" class="extiw" title="en:grandfather clock">grandfather clock</a>. The clock has a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/seconds_pendulum" class="extiw" title="en:seconds pendulum">seconds pendulum</a>, with a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/frequency" class="extiw" title="en:frequency">period</a> of 2 seconds, so each swing takes one second. The escape wheel has 30 teeth and thus rotates once per minute, so the clock's second hand can be attached to its shaft. The amplitude or width of swing of the pendulum in this example is about 8°, a little wider than many quality anchor clocks, which have amplitudes of 3° - 6°. Of this angle, the "lift" or "drive" angle, the angle of forward swing over which the pendulum receives drive force, is 5°, while the remaining 3° consists of the "recoil".

The animation illustrates one of the disadvantages of the anchor: "recoil", which means the pendulum pushes the escape wheel backwards during part of each cycle. Recoil reverses the clock's gear train all the way back to the driving weight each swing of the pendulum, causing increased wear and inaccuracy.

Licensing

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