File:Projected global primary electricity consumption by source, over the 21st century, for a climate change mitigation scenario.png

Summary

This graph shows a projection of global primary <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/electricity_consumption" class="extiw" title="en:electricity consumption">electricity consumption</a> (PEC) by source, over the 21st century. It is based on a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/climate_change_mitigation" class="extiw" title="en:climate change mitigation">climate change mitigation</a> scenario, in which anthropogenic (i.e., human) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/greenhouse_gas" class="extiw" title="en:greenhouse gas">greenhouse gas</a> emissions are substantially reduced over the century.

The graph shows how a variety of energy sources contribute to PEC. It also shows how <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/energy_consumption" class="extiw" title="en:energy consumption">energy consumption</a> is reduced compared to a "reference <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/climate_change_scenario" class="extiw" title="en:climate change scenario">scenario</a>", in which no efforts are made to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

In the scenario, PEC increases over time, from 387 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/exajoule" class="extiw" title="en:exajoule">exajoules</a> (EJ) in 2000, to 666 EJ in 2100. Energy savings contribute significantly to reductions in energy use compared to the reference scenario. In the reference scenario, PEC increases from 387 EJ in 2000 to 1344 EJ in 2100.

The graph shows that <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fossil_fuel" class="extiw" title="en:fossil fuel">fossil fuels</a> dominate PEC in 2000. By 2060, most coal is used with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/carbon_capture_and_storage" class="extiw" title="en:carbon capture and storage">carbon capture and storage</a> (CCS), with a increase in the share of PEC supplied by commercial <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/biomass" class="extiw" title="en:biomass">biomass</a>. In 2100, the percentage contributions to PEC are: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/efficient_energy_use" class="extiw" title="en:efficient energy use">energy reductions</a> 51; coal with CCS 13; coal without CCS 0.4; commercial biomass 17; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/natural_gas" class="extiw" title="en:natural gas">natural gas</a> with CCS 3.8; natural gas without CCS 1.9; non-biomass <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/renewable_energy" class="extiw" title="en:renewable energy">renewables</a> 3.3; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nuclear_power" class="extiw" title="en:nuclear power">nuclear power</a> 1.5; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/oil" class="extiw" title="en:oil">oil</a> 8.4.

Data

Data for the mitigation scenario are summarized below. The full set of data are provided in a later section as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/comma-separated_values" class="extiw" title="en:comma-separated values">comma-separated values</a> (CSV). The data below summarizes PEC by source in EJ. Energy reductions in the mitigation scenario are equal to total PEC in the reference scenario minus total PEC in the mitigation scenario. Data are provided for the years 2000, 2050, and 2100, respectively:

• Energy reduction: 0.0, 394.5, 677.6
• Coal w/CCS: 0.0, 106.8, 173.6
• Coal w/o CCS: 98.9, 12.3, 5.8
• Commercial Biomass: 0.0, 147.5, 232.6
• Natural Gas w/CCS: 0.0, 33.0, 51.5
• Natural Gas w/o CCS: 81.8, 71.1, 24.9
• Non-Biomass Renewables: 22.5, 26.6, 44.0
• Nuclear: 25.6, 16.1, 20.5
• Oil: 158.1, 121.9, 113.1
• Total (reference scenario): 386.9, 929.8, 1343.7
• Total (mitigation scenario): 386.9, 535.3, 666.1

The following data shows the percentage contribution of sources to total PEC. Data are provided for the years 2000, 2050, and 2100, respectively:

• Energy reduction: 0.0, 42.4, 50.4
• Coal w/CCS: 0.0, 11.5, 12.9
• Coal w/o CCS: 25.6, 1.3, 0.4
• Commercial Biomass: 0.0, 15.9, 17.3
• Natural Gas w/CCS: 0.0, 3.6, 3.8
• Natural Gas w/o CCS: 21.1, 7.6, 1.9
• Non-Biomass Renewables: 5.8, 2.9, 3.3
• Nuclear: 6.6, 1.7, 1.5
• Oil: 40.9, 13.1, 8.4

Data sources

Scenario data are taken from Clarke et al. (2007)^{<a href="#cite_note-clarke_data-1">[1]</a>} The graph is based on the "IGSM_REF" reference and "IGSM_Level1" mitigation scenarios. Data from Clarke et al. (2007)^{<a href="#cite_note-clarke_data-1">[1]</a>} are in the public-domain, and are included in a following section. The report by Clarke et al. (2007)^{<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a>} includes a graph similar to this one.

Notes

References

• Clarke, L., et al. (July 2007) Scenarios of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Atmospheric Concentrations. Sub-report 2.1A of Synthesis and Assessment Product 2.1 by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research^{<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://library.globalchange.gov/products/assessments/2004-2009-synthesis-and-assessment-products/sap-2-1a-scenarios-of-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-atmospheric-concentrations">[1]</a>}, Washington, DC., USA: Department of Energy, Office of Biological & Environmental Research

Licensing

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