Florida Central and Peninsular Railroad
| Locale | Florida |
|---|---|
| Dates of operation | 1837–1900 |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge |
| Previous gauge | , originally 5 ft (1,524 mm) and converted to 4 ft 9 in (1,448 mm) in 1886[1] |
The Florida Central and Peninsular Railroad was the final name of a system of railroads throughout Florida, becoming part of the Seaboard Air Line Railway in 1900. The system, including some of the first railroads in Florida, stretched from Jacksonville west through Tallahassee and south to Tampa.
History
The Tallahassee Rail Road was first organized in 1832 as the Leon Railway, changing its name in 1834. It opened in 1837, connecting Tallahassee, Florida to the Gulf of Mexico port of St. Marks, Florida. This was the second steam railroad in Florida, opening just a year after the Lake Wimico and St. Joseph Canal and Railroad.
The Florida, Atlantic and Gulf Central Railroad was chartered January 24, 1851, to build west from Jacksonville, Florida, and construction began in 1857. The Pensacola and Georgia Railroad was chartered in January 1853,[2] to be built east from Pensacola, Florida, but started at Tallahassee. The two lines met at Lake City, Florida in 1860, and the latter also built from Tallahassee west to four miles (6 km) short of Quincy, Florida, stopping in 1863 in the middle of the American Civil War.
In 1855 the Pensacola and Georgia bought the Tallahassee. In 1869 the two merged to form the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad, which obtained trackage rights over the Florida Central Railroad, the 1868 reorganization of the Florida, Atlantic and Gulf. The railroad eventually was built west to Chattahoochee, Florida, a major junction with the Pensacola and Atlantic Railroad continuing west and the Chattahoochee and East Pass Railroad running northeast. In 1882, Sir Edward Reed purchased the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile, absorbing the Florida Central and reorganizing the two as the Florida Central and Western Railroad.
The Florida Railroad was incorporated January 8, 1853, to build a line across the state, from Fernandina, Florida (north of Jacksonville, Florida) southwest to Cedar Key, Florida. The first train ran in 1861, but the line failed and the company was reorganized in 1866. In 1872 it was reorganized again as the Atlantic, Gulf and West India Transit Company. In 1881, Sir Edward Reed purchased the railroad and reorganized it as the Florida Transit Company, which in 1883 was reorganized again as the Florida Transit and Peninsular Railroad. The Florida Transit and Peninsular operated two subsidiaries, the Peninsula Railroad and Tropical Florida Railroad, organized to build lines respectively from the Florida Transit at Waldo, Florida to Ocala, Florida and beyond to Tampa, Florida.[3]
In 1884-85, Reed merged the Florida Transit and Peninsular Railroad with the Florida Central and Western Railroad, Fernandina and Jacksonville Railroad, and Leesburg and Indian River Railroad as the Florida Railway and Navigation Company, which instantly became the largest railroad system in Florida.[4] The new company was placed in receivership in October 1885,[5] sold at foreclosure and reorganized as the Florida Central and Peninsular Railroad Company in 1886.[6]
On May 1, 1889, the company was reorganized again, as the Florida Central and Peninsular Railway, and on January 16, 1893, the final reorganization produced the Florida Central and Peninsular Railroad, along with a merger of the Florida Northern Railroad (a line north of Jacksonville). The Seaboard Air Line Railway leased the FC&P on July 1, 1900, and the latter was merged into the former on August 15, 1903.
Branches
In addition to the two main lines - Jacksonville to Chattahoochee (Western Division) and Fernandina to Cedar Key (Southern Division) - and the original line from Tallahassee to St. Marks, the FC&P had many other lines.
The FC&P also bought the Santa Fe Canal in 1892.
A branch was planned but never built to Brooksville.
- Tampa Division
The Tampa Division ran from the Fernandina-Cedar Key line at Waldo south to Tampa. This had been chartered as the Peninsula Railroad north of and the Tropical Florida Railroad south of Ocala.
- Northern Division
The Fernandina and Jacksonville Railroad was organized in 1874 and opened in 1881, connecting Jacksonville north to the Southern Division at Yulee. It was consolidated into the Florida Railway and Navigation Company in 1885.
The South Bound Railroad was organized in 1887 and completed in 1891, connecting Columbia, South Carolina to Savannah, Georgia. The FC&P leased it in 1893. In 1892 the Florida Northern Railroad was chartered by the FC&P to continue the Fernandina and Jacksonville Railroad north into Georgia, where the FC&P would continue the line to Savannah. This opened in 1894, forming a continuous line from Jacksonville to Columbia. In 1899 and 1900, the South Bound Railroad was extended north to Camden, South Carolina to meet the Seaboard Air Line Railway's Chesterfield and Kershaw Railroad.
At some point, a cutoff was built from the Northern Division near the Florida/Georgia state line southwest to the Southern Division at Callahan.
- Orlando Division
The Leesburg and Indian River Railroad was incorporated in 1884 and merged into the Florida Railway and Navigation Company in 1885. It built a line from the Tampa Division at Wildwood east to Tavares, with plans to continue east to Titusville. That extension was not built, but pieces were built by other companies.
The Tavares, Orlando and Atlantic Railroad was incorporated in 1883, and built a line continuing from Tavares to Orlando. The FC&P leased it in 1891.
The Orlando and Winter Park Railway was incorporated in 1886 and built a line from Orlando to Winter Park. The Osceola and Lake Jesup Railway, incorporated 1888, continued the line past Oviedo to Lake Charm. In 1891 the two companies merged into the East Florida and Atlantic Railroad, which was leased by the FC&P in 1892.
- Monticello
The Monticello Branch ran from the Western Division at Drifton north to Monticello.
- Amelia Beach
The Fernandina and Amelia Beach Railway was organized in 1883 to run from Fernandina at the end of the Southern Division south to Amelia Beach. The FC&P leased it in 1891, and it was abandoned around 1900.
- Wannee
- Early Bird
- Silver Springs
The short Silver Springs Branch from Ocala east to Silver Springs was built along with the Tampa Division.
- Lake Weir
The Lake Weir Branch ran from Summerfield east to South Lake Weir, and was built along with the Tampa Division.
- Sumterville
The short Sumterville Branch from Sumterville Junction to Sumterville was built with the Tampa Division.
- Whitehall
Station listing
For station listings on the branches, see the individual articles. For the main lines, see the following articles:
- Western Division - Florida Central and Western Railroad (St. Marks Branch - Tallahassee Rail Road)
- Southern Division - Florida Transit Railroad
- Northern Division - South Bound Railroad
- Tampa Division - Peninsula Railroad
- Orlando Division - Leesburg and Indian River Railroad
Notes
References
- Railroad History Database
- Bruce Roberts, Tampa Tribune Correspondent, Florida's Forgotten Railroad (1954)
- Turner, Gregg. (2003) A Short History of Florida Railroads. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 0-7385-2421-2
- Turner, Gregg M. (2008) A Journey into Florida Railroad History. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. ISBN 978-0-8130-3233-7
- Confederate Railroads
External links
- Articles that mention track gauge 1435 mm
- Articles that mention track gauge 1524 mm
- Articles that mention track gauge 1448 mm
- Pages with broken file links
- Defunct Florida railroads
- Predecessors of the Seaboard Air Line Railroad
- Railway companies established in 1888
- Railway companies disestablished in 1903
- Defunct Georgia (U.S. state) railroads
- Defunct South Carolina railroads
- 5 ft gauge railways in the United States
