Forsbrook Pendant
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| Year | 7th century AD |
|---|---|
| Type | Pendant |
| Material | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/> |
| Dimensions | 36 mm diameter (1.4 in) |
| Location | British Museum |
| Owner | British Museum |
| Accession | M&LA 1879.7–14.1 |
The Forsbrook Pendant is an piece of Anglo Saxon jewellery found in Forsbrook, Staffordshire, England and sold to the British Museum in 1879.[1][2] It is a setting in gold cellwork with garnet and blue glass inlays of a 4th-century gold Roman coin.
Description and context
The pendant, 36 millimetres (1.4 in) in diameter,[3] comprises a 7th-century setting for a gold solidus (coin) of Valentinian II (375–392 AD), so that the coin was over 200 years old when the pendant was made.[2] The coin, whose obverse is displayed, is surrounded by a circular frame containing cloisonné gold with garnet and blue glass inlay, on a cross-hatched gold foil background,[2] with the inlay continuing round the suspension loop. The side edge of the frame is in the form of a double-headed serpent with the heads next to the suspension loop. The back of the pendant is plain, apart from the suspension loop.[4]
There are a number of similar Anglo-Saxon pendants setting Roman or Byzantine coins, which appear to have been mostly worn by women.[3][5]
The majority of Anglo-Saxon jewellery in the 6th-7th century made intensive use of flat, cut almandine garnets in gold and red garnet cloisonné (or cellwork) but occasionally glass was also cut and inset as gems, as in some of the pieces from Sutton Hoo. The glass colours used were almost entirely limited to blue and green.[6] A number of pieces in the Staffordshire Hoard also mix blue glass with garnet inlays.[7] The backing of patterned gold foil, which serves to increase the light reflected back through the thin garnet slices, is typical of cellwork jewellery and also found in these two deposits, which are the largest survivals of the type.[8]
Chemical analysis of such glass has revealed that they are a soda-lime-silica glass but with a lower iron and manganese oxide content than the high iron, manganese and titanium glass used to make Anglo-Saxon vessels. The similarity between the composition of the glass inlays and Roman coloured glass is remarkable, so much so that it is likely that the Anglo-Saxon craftworkers were re-using Roman opaque glass, possibly Roman glass tesserae, rather than Anglo-Saxon glass.[6]
Discovery and accession
The pendant was found by a labourer who was maintaining a hedge at Forsbrook in Staffordshire.[2] A 'young lady' took it to Isaac Whitehurst of Swan Bank, Congleton, and he wrote offering it for sale, to the British Museum, who accepted, and whose receipt, dated 28 June 1879, is for £15. The museum's accession number is 'M&LA 1879.7–14.1'.[2] Stoke-on-Trent Museum and Art Gallery have a replica, commissioned in 1977, accession number K36.1977.[2]
Notes
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- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Photograph at the British Museum page.
- ↑ Webster, 91-92
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Bimson and Freestone
- ↑ The Glass in the Staffordshire Hoard, Staffordshire Hoard website.
- ↑ Webster, 62-66; How were the items made?, Staffordshire Hoard website; British Museum page
References
- Bimson, M and Freestone, I. C., "Analysis of some glass from Anglo-Saxon Jewellery", in Price, J. 2000. Glass in Britain and Ireland AD 350-1100, British Museum Occasional paper 127, 137–142.
- British Museum, collection database, "Coin pendant", accessed 19 August 2013
- Ozanne, A. 1962–3 The Peak Dwellers', Medieval Archaeology 6–7, 15–52
- Speake, G. 1970 'A Seventh-century Coin Pendant from Bacton', Medieval Archaeology 14, 1–16
- Victoria County History, Staffordshire, Vol. I 1908
- Webster, Leslie, Anglo-Saxon Art, 2012, British Museum Press, ISBN 9780714128092
