Fox Mill, Hollinwood

Fox
	Location within Greater Manchester
Cotton
Spinning (ring mill)
Location	Hollinwood
Further ownership	Lancashire Cotton Corporation (1930s); Courtaulds (1964);
Coordinates	Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Construction
Built	1908
Demolished	1992
Power
Date	1909
Engine maker	George Saxon & Co
Engine type	Single Manhattan
rpm	78 ½ rpm
Flywheel diameter	22ft
Transmission type	rope
No. of ropes	36
Boiler configuration
Pressure	180psi
References

Fox Mill, Hollinwood is a cotton spinning mill in Hollinwood, Oldham, Greater Manchester. It was taken over by the Lancashire Cotton Corporation in the 1930s and passed to Courtaulds in 1964.

Location

Oldham is a large town in Greater Manchester, England.^[3] It lies amongst the Pennines on elevated ground between the rivers Irk and Medlock, 5.3 miles (8.5 km) south-southeast of Rochdale, and 6.9 miles (11.1 km) northeast of the city of Manchester. Oldham is surrounded by several smaller settlements which together form the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham; Chadderton and Hollinwood are such settlements. Chadderton and Hollinwood are served by the Rochdale Canal and the Hollinwood Branch Canal. A rail service was provided by the Oldham Loop Line that was built by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway. Since the closure of the Oldham Loop Line it has since been converted as part of the Manchester Metrolink network which opened on 13 June 2012.

History

Oldham rose to prominence during the 19th century as an international centre of textile manufacture. It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and amongst the first ever industrialised towns, rapidly becoming "one of the most important centres of cotton and textile industries in England",^[4] spinning Oldham counts, the coarser counts of cotton. Oldham's soils were too thin and poor to sustain crop growing, and so for decades prior to industrialisation the area was used for grazing sheep, which provided the raw material for a local woollen weaving trade.^[5] It was not until the last quarter of the 18th century that Oldham changed from being a cottage industry township producing woollen garments via domestic manual labour, to a sprawling industrial metropolis of textile factories.^[5] The first mill, Lees Hall, was built by William Clegg in about 1778. Within a year, 11 other mills had been constructed,^[6] but by 1818 there were only 19 of these privately owned mills.^[7]

It was in the second half of the 19th century, that Oldham became the world centre for spinning cotton yarn.^[7] This was due in a large part to the formation of limited liability companies known as Oldham Limiteds. In 1851, over 30% of Oldham's population was employed within the textile sector, compared to 5% across Great Britain.^[8] At its zenith, it was the most productive cotton spinning mill town in the world,.^[9]^[10] By 1871 Oldham had more spindles than any country in the world except the United States, and in 1909, was spinning more cotton than France and Germany combined.^[11] By 1911 there were 16.4 million spindles in Oldham, compared with a total of 58 million in the United Kingdom and 143.5 million in the world; in 1928, with the construction of the UK's largest textile factory Oldham reached its manufacturing zenith.^[7] At its peak, there were over 360 mills, operating night and day;^[12]^[13] Fox mill was erected in 1908.^[14] The industry peaked in 1912 when it produced 8 billion yards of cloth. The great war of 1914–1918 halted the supply of raw cotton, and the British government encouraged its colonys to build mills to spin and weave cotton. The war over, Lancashire never regained its markets. The independent mills were struggling. The Bank of England set up the Lancashire Cotton Corporation in 1929 to attempt to rationalise and save the industry.^[15] Fox Mill, Hollinwood was one of 104 mills bought by the LCC, and one of the 53 mills that survived through to 1950. Courtaulds used Fox mill to spin Rayon until 1989 when the market collapsed. It was bought by J.D. Williams a mail-order company.^[14] The mill is now demolished and housing is on the site.

Architecture

Power

Powered by 1800 hp single Manhattan engine by George Saxon & Co, 1909. 28"HP (vertical),57"LP X 4 ft 6" stroke. 180psi, 78 ½ rpm. 22 ft flywheel, 36 ropes. ^[2]