Frances M. Beal
Frances M. Beal (born January 13, 1940 Binghamton, New York) is a Black feminist and a peace and justice political activist.[1]
After her father's death, she moved to St. Albans, an integrated neighborhood in Queens. She married James Beal; they had two children. They lived in France, from 1959 to 1966. In 1968, she co-founded the Black Women's Liberation Committee of SNCC. She wrote "Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female" in 1969.[2] That pamphlet was later revised and then published in The Black Woman, an anthology edited by Toni Cade Bambara in 1970. A revised version of "Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female" also appears in the 1970 anthology Sisterhood is Powerful: An Anthology of Writings From The Women's Liberation Movement, edited by Robin Morgan.[3][4] Beal later moved to California, and she was an associate editor of The Black Scholar and wrote for the San Francisco Bay View. She now lives in Oakland.[1][5]
Works
- "Black Women's Manifesto; Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female"
- "Frederick Douglass’ Legacy for Our Times"
