Francesca da Rimini (Rachmaninoff)

For other classical works, see Francesca da Rimini (disambiguation).

Francesca da Rimini (Russian: Франческа да Римини), Op. 25 is an opera in a prologue, two tableaux and an epilogue by Sergei Rachmaninoff to a Russian libretto by Modest Ilyich Tchaikovsky. It is based on the story of Francesca da Rimini in the fifth canto of Dante's epic poem The Inferno (the first part of The Divine Comedy). The fifth canto is the part about the Second Circle of Hell (Lust). Rachmaninoff had composed the love duet for Francesca and Paolo in 1900, but did not resume work on the opera until 1904. The first performance was on 24 January (O.S. 11 January) 1906 at the Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow, with the composer himself conducting, in a double-bill performance with another Rachmaninoff opera written contemporaneously, The Miserly Knight.

Roles

Role	Voice type	Premiere cast 24 January 1906 (Conductor: Sergei Rachmaninoff)
Ghost of Virgil	baritone
Dante Alighieri	tenor	Dmitri Smirnov
Lanciotto Malatesta	baritone	Georges Baklanoff
Francesca Malatesta, Lanciotto's wife	soprano	Nadejda Salina
Paolo Malatesta, younger brother of Lanciotto	tenor	Anton Bonachich

Synopsis

The setting is the Malatesta castle around the end of the 13th century

Prologue

The ghost of Virgil leads the poet Dante to the edge of the first circle of the Inferno. They descend into the second, where the wordless chorus of the damned souls is heard. Virgil tells Dante that this is the realms where sinners given over to lust are punished, buffeted by an eternal whirlwind. Dante asks two such souls, Francesca and Paolo, to tell their story.

Tableau 1

In the castle courtyard, Lanceotto Malatesta is about to go off to war, but he admits that he no longer takes pleasure in war. Lanceotto is deformed, and knows that his wife, Francesca, does not love him. She had been tricked into marrying Lanceotto by being led to think that she would marry Paolo Malatesta, Lanceotto's handsome younger brother. Lanceotto is suspicious of Francesca and envious of Paolo. He plans to set a trap to catch them in adultery. Francesca then enters, affirming obedience to Lanceotto, but saying that she cannot love him. She asks when he will return, and Lanceotto says that he will not return until after the end of battle. When Francesca leaves, Lanceotto laughs.

Tableau 2

Paolo and Francesca are together, alone, in a room in the castle. Paolo tells the story of Sir Lancelot and Queen Guinevere, which parallels their own feelings. While doing so, Paolo declares his love for Francesca. Francesca resists initially, trying to remain faithful to Lanciotto. However, her own resistance erodes at Paolo's continued expressions of love, and her own desire for him. They sing of their secret love, and embrace. Lanciotto has returned, and sees the lovers together. He fatally stabs Paolo and Francesca.

Epilogue

Paolo and Francesca recede into the whirlwind of the second circle. Dante is overcome with pity and terror, and he and Virgil remain with the thought: ‘There is no greater sadness in the world than to remember a time of joy in a time of grief’.

Recordings

• Russian Season: Nikolai Rechetniak, Marina Lapina, Nikolai Vassiliev, Vitaly Tarashchenko; Orchestra and Chorus of the Bolshoi Theater; Mark Ermler, conductor
• Deutsche Grammophon 453 455–2 (1997): Sergei Aleksashkin (Virgil's Shade), Ilya Levinsky (Dante), Sergei Leiferkus (Lanceotto Malatesta), Maria Guleghina (Francesca), Sergei Larin (Paolo); Gothenburg Opera Chorus; Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra with Neeme Järvi, conductor
• Russian Season: Marina Lapina, Vitaly Taraschenko, Vladimir Matorin, Nikolai Rechetniak, Nikolai Vasiliev; Russian State Choir; Bolshoi Theatre Orchestra; Andrey Chistiakov, conductor
• Chandos (CHAN10442): Soloists, BBC Singers, BBC Philharmonic, Gianandrea Noseda, conductor

External links

• Boosey & Hawkes page on Rachmaninoff's Francesca da Rimini
• Andrew Huth, Notes and synopsis on Rachmaninoff's Francesca da Rimini for May 2007 BBC Philharmonic performance
• Julian Grant, Doomed Lovers, programme note on Rachmaninoff's "Francesca da Rimini" for Opera North's 2004 production