Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

For other people of the same name, see Frederick of Brunswick-Lüneburg.

Frederick (ca. 1357 – 5 June 1400), Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, was ruler of the Principality of Brunswick from 1373, and, according to some sources, briefly German king-elect in opposition to Wenceslaus in 1400.

Frederick was the eldest son of Magnus II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Catherine of Anhalt-Bernburg.

Frederick was underage until 1381, until which time Otto of Brunswick-Göttingen was his guardian. Like his father, he was thrust into the Lüneburg Succession War, which he and his brothers attempted to end in 1373 by a treaty with the Ascanian dukes of Saxony-Wittenberg. According to this treaty, the rule over the Principality of Lüneburg would alternate between the two families. But the dispute continued; together with his brothers, Frederick eventually won the war by conquering Lüneburg itself in 1388.

In May 1400, Frederick took part in an assembly of the princes of the Holy Roman Empire in Frankfurt; the purpose of the meeting was to discuss the deposition of Wenceslaus, King of the Romans. According to legend, Frederick was elected as an anti-king by a subset of the princes; because no agreement over his election could be reached, he left the assembly. Modern historians are at odds with each other whether Frederick was ever considered a candidate or even elected, since there is no documentary evidence for this. It is undisputed that he was murdered during his journey home by Henry VII, Count of Waldeck and his men, who included Friedrich von Hertingshausen and Konrad von Falkenberg. The murder may have served to get rid of a royal candidate; or the story of the royal election may have sprung up to find a motive for the murder.

The murder caused much concern at the time; a stone cross was erected at its location in Kleinenglis near Fritzlar. Frederick was entombed in Brunswick Cathedral.

Family

Frederick married Anna (died 1388), a daughter of Wenceslas I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg, in 1386. With her he had two daughters:

• Catherine (died ca. 1439), married Henry XXIV, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
• Anna (died 1432), married Frederick IV, Duke of Austria, "of the Empty Pockets" of Austria, a Tyrollean Count

Ancestry

Family of Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

16. Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg               8. Albert the Fat, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg                       17. Adelheid of Montferrat               4. Magnus the Pious, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg                             18. Henry I, Prince of Mecklenburg-Güstrow               9. Rixa of Mecklenburg-Werle                       19. Rikissa Birgersdotter               2. Magnus II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg                                   20. John I, Margrave of Brandenburg               10. Henry I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal                       21. Jutta of Saxony               5. Sophie of Brandenburg                             22. Louis II, Duke of Bavaria               11. Agnes of Bavaria                       23. Matilda of Habsburg               1. Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg                                         24. Bernhard I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg               12. Bernhard II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg                       25. Sophie of Denmark               6. Bernhard III, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg                             26. Wizlaw II, Prince of Rügen               13. Helene of Rügen                       27. Agnes of Brunswick-Lüneburg               3. Catherine of Anhalt-Bernburg                                   28. Albert II, Duke of Saxony               14. Rudolf I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg                       29. Agnes of Habsburg               7. Agnes of Saxony                             30. Otto V, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel               15. Jutta of Brandenburg                       31. Jutta of Henneberg

References

• Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon, ISBN 3-937664-46-7, Appelhans 2006.
• Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, vol. 7, p. 497-501

Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg House of Welf Cadet branch of the House of Este Born: about 1357/58 Died: 5 June 1400
German nobility
Preceded by Magnus with the Necklace	Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 1373–1400	Succeeded by Bernard I and his brother Henry the Mild