Garigliano

For other uses, see Garigliano (disambiguation).

Garigliano
File:GariglianoFoce.jpg The Garigliano near its mouth
Origin	near Cassino (FR)
Mouth	Tyrrhenian Sea near Minturno
Basin countries	Italy
Length	38 km (158 km including the Liri)
Source elevation	c. 130 m
Mouth elevation	0 m
Avg. discharge	120 m³/s
Basin area	5,020 km²

The Garigliano is a river in central Italy.

It forms at the confluence of the rivers Gari (also known as the Rapido) and Liri. Garigliano is actually a deformation of "Gari-Lirano" (which in Italian means something like "Gari from the Liri"). In ancient times the whole course of the Liri and Gagliano was known as the Liris.

For the most part of its 40 km (25 mi) length, the Garigliano River marks the border between the Italian regions of Lazio and Campania. In medieval times, the river (then known as the Verde) marked the southern border of the Papal States.

Historical significance

In the 9th and early 10th centuries a band of Arabs established themselves on the banks of the Garigliano, from where they launched frequent raids on Campania and central Italy. In 915 a coalition of the pope, the Byzantines, Franks, Lombards, and Naples defeated the Garigliano Arabs in the Battle of Garigliano.

In 1503 Spanish and French forces fought another battle of Garigliano, in which Piero II de' Medici was drowned, thus control of the Medici family passed to Giovanni de' Medici, later Pope Leo X. The bigger French army was practically destroyed at little cost to the Spanish, with the remnants later surrendering at Gaeta.

1944, US Army painting

During World War II, the Liri-Gari-Garigliano rivers stood at the centre of a system of German defensive lines (the most famous of which is the Gustav Line) around which the battle of Monte Cassino took place in 1943-1944. Rumours tell that the waters of the river ran red in the Cassino area during the famous battle, because of the blood of the many corpses of soldiers.

Nuclear power plant

See also: Garigliano Nuclear Power Plant

From 1959 until 1982 there has been a BWR nuclear power plant named Garigliano near the town Sessa Aurunca.

See also

• Gustav Line