Givati Parking Lot dig
The Givati Parking Lot dig is an archaeological excavation located in the Tyropoeon Valley. It is adjacent to the City of David, the most ancient part of the Canaanite and Israelite city of Jerusalem. The dig is conducted by Doron Ben-Ami and Yana Tchekhanovets of the Israel Antiquities Authority and underwritten by the City of David Foundation.[1]
Contents
Interesting finds
Palace: of Queen Helena?
Among the 2007 discoveries is an ancient building believed to have been the palace of Queen Helena of Adiabene.[2][3]
Byzantine gold hoard
In 2008 archaeologists uncovered a hoard of 264 gold coins minted at the beginning of the reign of Byzantine emperor Heraclius, between the years 610-613 CE, thus just before the Persian conquest of Jerusalem.[4]
Roman Cupid cameo
In 2010, the dig produced a small, Roman-era cameo of Cupid. It is made from onyx. The cupid is in a "striking" blue on a dark brown ground, he has wings and curly hair. The round cameo would have been an insert in a piece of jewelry. Cupid’s left hand rests on an overturned torch, symbolizing death, so it was probably a mourning piece.[1][5]
Hellenistic fortifications: the Seleucid Acra?
In November 2015, discovery of a tower and glacis identified as belonging to the Seleucid fortress known as the Acra was announced.[6] According to archaeologists Doron Ben-Ami, Yana Tchekhanovets and Salome Cohen they had unearthed a complex of rooms and fortified walls they identified as the Acra. Finds include fortification walls, a watchtower measuring 4 by 20 meters, and a glacis. Bronze arrowheads, lead sling-stones and ballista stones were unearthed at the site, stamped with a trident characteristic to the reign of Antiochus IV Epiphanes. These are indicative of the military nature of the site and the efforts to take it. The finds also included were coins from the reigns of Antiochus Epiphanes through Antiochus VII Sidetes, as well as a multitude of stamped Rhodian amphora handles.[6][7]
Archaeological architect Leen Ritmeyer disagrees with this identification. To him, the location and north-south orientation of the newly found fortifications make them part of the defensive walls of what is known today as the City of David, and was described by Josephus as the Lower City. This Lower City has been fortified by the Seleucids, who additionally also built the citadel generally known as Acra. But in Greek any fortification is called an acra, this is a common noun, not a proper one, thus some confusion as to which fortification each specific ancient description is referring to: the refortified City of David, which Ritmeyer identifies as Josephus' southern part of the Lower City, or the Acra proper, the entirely new fortress. Ritmeyer quotes both primary sources we have, the Antiquities of the Jews 12:252–253 ("he built a citadel [Greek: Acra] in the lower part of the city, for the place was high, and overlooked the temple"), and 1 Maccabees 1:34[8] ("the agent's forces fortified David's City with a very strong wall and powerful towers, and it became their fortress.") to show that, first, there were two distinct fortified structures in the Lower City, and second, that the new citadel, the Acra, was higher than the Temple, which it overlooked. Given that the new finds from the Givati Parking Lot are some 200 metres away from the Temple Mount of the Hellenistic period, and at a much lower elevation than the Mount, they cannot possibly be part of the Acra who "overlooked the temple".[9]
See also
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- Acra (fortress)
- City of David
- Excavations at the Temple Mount
- Jerusalem pilgrim road
- Jerusalem Water Channel, actually the drainage under the stepped pilgrimage road
- Silwan
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "2,000 year-old cameo found in Jerusalem," Aug. 30, 2010, Jerusalem Post.
- ↑ "Second Temple palace uncovered," Etgar Lefkovits, Dec 5, 2007, Jerusalem Post.
- ↑ "Israeli archaeologists uncover 2,000-year-old mansion,"
- ↑ Israel Antiquities Authority, "Hundreds of Byzantine gold coins found in excavations in Jerusalem", Dec. 22, 2008 [1]
- ↑ "Israel archeologists uncover 2,000-year-old cupid in City of David dig Israel Antiquities Authority says added inlaid semi-precious stone is of the 'Eros in mourning,' one of a group of visual motifs linked with mourning practices." Aug. 30, 2010, Ha'aretz.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ 1 Maccabees 1:34, Common English Bible
- ↑ Leen Ritmeyer, The mysterious Akra in Jerusalem, 11 November, 2015
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