Greek Orthodox Church

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Greek Orthodox Church (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist., Ellinorthódoxi Ekklisía, el) is a term that can refer to any one of three classes of Christian churches, each associated in some way with Greek Christianity, Levantine Arabic-speaking Christians or more broadly the rite used in the Eastern Roman Empire.

Etymology

Historically, the term "Greek Orthodox" has been used to describe all Eastern Orthodox churches, since the term "Greek" can refer to the heritage of the Byzantine Empire.[2][3][4] During the first eight centuries of Christian history, most major intellectual, cultural, and social developments in the Christian Church took place in the Byzantine Empire or its sphere of influence,[4][5][6] where the Greek language was widely spoken and used for most theological writings. The empire's capital, Constantinople, was an early important center of Christianity, and its liturgical practices, traditions, and doctrines were gradually adopted throughout Eastern Orthodoxy, still providing the basic patterns of contemporary Orthodoxy.[7][8][9] Thus, Eastern Orthodox came to be called "Greek" Orthodox in the same way that Western Christians came to be called "Roman" Catholic. However, the appellation "Greek" was abandoned by the Slavic and other Eastern Orthodox churches as part of their peoples' national awakenings, beginning as early as the 10th century A.D.[10][11][12] Thus, by the early 21st century, generally only those churches most closely tied to Greek or Byzantine culture and ethnicity were called "Greek Orthodox" in common parlance.[13]

Greek Orthodoxy has also been defined as a religious tradition rooted in preserving the Greek identity.[14] In 2022, U.S. government estimated that 81-90% of the population of Greece identified as Greek Orthodox.[15]

History

The Greek Orthodox churches are descendants of churches which the Apostles founded in the Balkans and the Middle East during the first century A.D.,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22] as well as maintainers of many ancient church traditions.[22]

Churches

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See also

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References

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Further reading

  • Aderny, Walter F. The Greek and Eastern Churches (1908) online
  • Constantelos, Demetrios J. Understanding the Greek Orthodox church: its faith, history, and practice (Seabury Press, 1982)
  • Fortesque, Adrian. The Orthodox Eastern Church (1929)
  • Hussey, Joan Mervyn. The orthodox church in the Byzantine empire (Oxford University Press, 2010) online Archived 2020-08-01 at the Wayback Machine
  • Kephala, Euphrosyne. The Church of the Greek People Past and Present (1930)
  • Latourette, Kenneth Scott. Christianity in a Revolutionary Age, II: The Nineteenth Century in Europe: The Protestant and Eastern Churches. (1959) 2: 479–484; Christianity in a Revolutionary Age, IV: The Twentieth Century in Europe: The Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Eastern Churches (1958)
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External links

  • Media related to Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. at Wikimedia Commons

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  3. Edwin Pears, The Destruction of the Greek Empire and the Story of the Capture of Constantinople by the Turks, Haskell House, 1968
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  5. Tanner, Norman P. The Councils of the Church, ISBN 0-8245-1904-3
  6. The Byzantine legacy in the Orthodox Church by John Meyendorff - 1982
  7. Hugh Wybrew, The Orthodox Liturgy: The Development of the Eucharistic Liturgy in the Byzantine Rite - 1990
  8. The Christian Churches of the East, Vol. II: Churches Not in Communion with Rome, by Donald Attwater - 1962
  9. J Meyendorff, Byzantine Theology: Historical Trends and Doctrinal Themes (1987)
  10. Joan Mervyn Hussey, The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire, 1990
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  15. US State Dept 2022 report
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