Guanylate cyclase 2C

Guanylate cyclase 2C
Identifiers
Symbols	GUCY2C ; DIAR6; GUC2C; MECIL; MUCIL; STAR
External IDs	OMIM: 601330 MGI: 106903 HomoloGene: 3641 IUPHAR: 1750 ChEMBL: 1795197 GeneCards: GUCY2C Gene
EC number	4.6.1.2
Gene ontology Molecular function • guanylate cyclase activity • protein kinase activity • protein binding • ATP binding • GTP binding • toxic substance binding Cellular component • endoplasmic reticulum membrane • plasma membrane • integral component of membrane Biological process • cGMP biosynthetic process • protein phosphorylation • receptor guanylyl cyclase signaling pathway • response to toxic substance • intracellular signal transduction • regulation of cell proliferation Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	2984	14917
Ensembl	ENSG00000070019	ENSMUSG00000042638
UniProt	P25092	Q3UWA6
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_004963	NM_001127318
RefSeq (protein)	NP_004954	NP_001120790
Location (UCSC)	Chr 12: 14.61 – 14.7 Mb	Chr 6: 136.7 – 136.78 Mb
PubMed search	[2]	[3]

Guanylate cyclase 2C, also known as guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C), intestinal guanylate cyclase, guanylate cyclase-C receptor, or the heat-stable enterotoxin receptor (hSTAR) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GUCY2C gene.

Guanylyl cyclase is an enzyme found in the luminal aspect of intestinal epithelium and dopamine neurons in the brain. The receptor has an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a single transmembrane region, a region with sequence similar to that of protein kinases, and a C-terminal guanylate cyclase domain. Tyrosine kinase activity mediates the GC-C signaling pathway within the cell.

Functions

GC-C is a key receptor for heat-stable enterotoxins that are responsible for acute secretory diarrhea. Heat-stable enterotoxins are produced by pathogens such as Escherichia coli. Knockout mice deficient in the GC-C gene do not show secretory diarrhea on infection with E. coli, though they do with cholera toxin. This demonstrates the specificity of the GC-C receptor.

Diagnostic application

Because GC-C is tissue-specific for intestinal epithelium, it can be used for detection of metastatic disease.

See also

• Guanylate cyclase

External links

• GCC testing for colorectal cancer staging
• GC-C knock-out mice
• guanyl cyclase-C receptor at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)